Gay Marriage Opinion Essay

Mainwaring goes on to argue that because â€Å"Only a little more than 53%† of the signers were Republican, and the rest an assortment of parties, gay marriage is a â€Å"common, mainstream concern†, to be shared among citizens of all backgrounds. Mainwaring defends the signers of this petition, stating that because they signed an anti-gay marriage petition, their actions cannot be chalked up to homophobic motives. He says that â€Å"the vast majority simply view ‘marriage’ as an immutable term that can only apple to heterosexuals†, and that â€Å"’we’ shouldn’t mess with [the term marriage]†. I mentioned before that Mainwaring’s opinion on this topic is considerably unique. This is because he himself is, in fact, gay. It was not only the fact that Mainwaring decided to mention this, but also the juxtaposition of this statement that was mildly infuriating to me. To me, placing the fact that he is gay directly after his statements defending the people who signed the petition is a bit like an African-American saying â€Å"I think blacks should be subject to a lower standard of living than whites†¦and it’s okay for me to think this because I’m black!If a black person were to say this today, this would be considered socially unacceptable from nearly every person in this country, and it should be the same for Mainwaring and all other gays. It’s extremely difficult for me to even begin to wrap my head around how Mainwaring can even have this opinion. How he can blatantly undermine the oppressed minority he has categorized himself into, simply be cause â€Å"we should not attempt to force into an old construct something that was never meant for same-sex partnerships† is appalling. Mainwaring believes that simply because the term â€Å"marriage† has meant one thing for the past two hundred years, it simply cannot be open to interpretation, like many other dated laws. So many different sections of the constitution have been twisted and bent toward various opinions, just as the following should be. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The argument that Mainwaring is trying to make is ill-supported and weak. It is less credible that the late 1920’s â€Å"Separate but Equal† mantra, considering civil unions, which Mainwaring proposes for gays, are in no way even close to being equal to a â€Å"traditional† marriage. Before the Civil Rights Movement, many people were raised to believe that blacks were meant to be inferior. However, as awareness arose, people began to realize that this simply is not true; under the eyes of the law, there should be virtually no difference between a black person and a white person. Likewise, there should be no difference between a gay or a straight couple. A civil union is in no way a reasonable alternative for gays, and if us as Americans were to make that statement the new â€Å"traditional†, there one day in the future may be no limits on the term â€Å"marriage†.

Beauty Therapy Stone Therapy Assignment Brief Essay

Research the history and origins of stone therapy massage and how it may be incorporated with other therapy related treatments. Massage is one of the oldest forms of hands-on-healing known, people from virtually every culture have used a combination of touch, heat or thermotherapy and stones as therapeutic tools. The three main cultures, which have heavily influenced how modern-day hot stone massage has evolved, the Chinese, the Native Americans and the Hawaiians although Egyptian, Ayurvedic and many other traditional healing arts are also said to have used stones and heat. One of the first recorded uses of stones for healing was by Ancient Chinese a medical practitioner who regularly used various shaped stones known as Bian Stones to treat disease. The use of Moxabustion burning of the herb mugwort helped to add heat to these treatments. Native Americans are well known for their Sweat Lodges, which are similar to modern-day Saunas. The use of heated stones on the lower abdomen to relieve cramps was another common Native American practice. Most therapists who incorporate hot stones into their massage routine agree that the Hawaiians had a major part to play in how this form of massage is applied today. This is particularly true for Hahana Stone Massage. Customary uses included wrapping hot stones in leaves with certain therapeutic properties ti leaves and placing on sore muscles to reduce pain, like using a heat pack. . Modern-day hot stone massage therapy is a truly unique style of massage, has been gaining popularity through-out the world after being re-discovered in the United States in 1993. The story is that a massage therapist named Mary Nelson, who was suffering from repetitive use injuries in the shoulders and wrists, was having a sauna with her niece and which had stones in. Mary picked up some of the hot stones and started massaging her niece with them, she felt great. The first style of modern-day hot stone massages therapy was called ‘LaStone Therapy’. Almost every Spa in Europe, America and Australia  offers hot stone massage therapy on their treatment plans. There are a verity number of different styles of stone massage, hot stone massage and cold stone massage these can be incorporated into different treatments like body massage as a pre heat treatment to warm up the muscle to aid muscle manipulation, manicures placed in between the fingers, pedicures placed in between the toes, facials during the massage to aid lymph drainage over the face, sports or remedial massage to relieve muscle pain or tension in the muscle and Indian head massage to aid in relaxation. 2. Explain how you would prepare the treatment area for stone therapy massage taking into account the following aspects: heating, lighting, privacy, noise level, hygiene and finishing touches. When you enter the treatment room you should check the floor is clean and there is no oil spillages on the floor, if there is wipe up with warm soapy water and dry with paper towels, you should place clean bed sheet on the treatment bed, cover with clean towels and bed roll with modesty towels and a flannel available for wiping over the client feet at the beginning and end of the massage. The sides should be wiped down with surgical spirit, sink should be clean with hand soap available. You need to place an hand towel down or tissue to place the stone heater on, the machine should be clean and pat tested, a quick check of the wires and that the machine is in working order shouldn’t take more then a minute, all stones in the machine should be clean and oil free, you should have a bowl to fill the heater with water, the water should be level with the stones. You should turn the machine to pre heat for them to be at working temperature 55ï‚ °C for the treatment. You should pla ce a towel next to the machine for when you take the stones out of the heater, a bowl of cool water should be next to the towel ready incase the stone need cooling down before applying heat to the client, you should check the thermometer in the machine to see the temperature of the water, if the water is at working temperature change the machine to operating range to keep the stone at the correct heat. You would have a small bowl with tissue and a cotton bud in to patch test the oil the client has chosen. Tissue should be placed on the floor by the bed for when the client gets off the bed to stop then from slipping from any oil still on their feet. Heating: making sure the room isn’t to hot or cold for the client as to much heat can make client feel faint or even collapse, if the room in to cold the client may not receive the most of the benefits from the treatment and they may not fell comfortable. Lighting: there should be mood lighting or a dimmer switch to aid in relaxation during the treatment, as a bright light may cause the client to tense up and not relax which can ruin the experience for them. Privacy: the treatment should take place in a private treatment room so other client or therapist doesn’t disturb the client during the treatment so the client can relax and receive all the benefits of the massage. Some client can feel self-conscious about their body and a private room can make them feel comfortable and not exposed. Noise Level: there sound be no loud noises in or near the treatment room, relaxing music should be playing in the back ground to aid in relaxation but not to loud that it disturbs the client or any other client receiving treatments. Hygiene: all treatment room should be cleaned before and after client enter, the bed cover should be replaced with clean one, dirty towels should be placed into the wash with clean ones to replaced them, fresh bed roll placed on the floor and bed, sinks should be wiped down after every treatment, any oil spillages should be cleaned up with warm soapy water, bins emptied with fresh bin liners in, fresh clean dressing gowns in the room for client use, all side be wiped down with surgical spirit, all stone washed and dried after every treatment and stone heater cleaned after every treatment, therapists should wash hands before and after treatment, therapists should have excellent personal hygiene, sort nails free of nail polish, hair tided up, plain day make up, clean fresh uniform. Finishing Touches: to make yourself stand out you could place battery candles around the room, bath rose soap petals on the bed that the can take home  after the treatment, have an oil burner in the corner to have a relaxing and welcoming smell in the room, offer rose quartz water after treatment or herbal teas to complement the treatment. This will set you apart from other therapist as it is these things that clients remember about the treatment and what will bring them back in future and they will recommend you to friends and family 3. Describe how you would adapt a massage routine to suit the individual client’s physical characteristics to include each of the following: weight, muscle tone, age, health and skin condition. Every stone therapy massage is different as you would adapt the massage to suit the clients needs as everyone is an individual and have different problem areas needing more concentrating on or just having the massage to aid in relaxation, what ever the reason you would always be changing and adapting the massage in order to achieve the client outcome of the massage. There are many factors that could change the routine of the massage: Weight: weight of the client is a factor as this will determine the size of the stones, amount of oil needed and the area the therapist will be working on, you may find that people with endomorph body types maybe sensitive to heat and pressure but have good muscle tone as with someone with ectomorph body type maybe able to stand a lot of heat and deeper pressure. Muscle Tone: clients with good muscle tone will feel the heat off the stones in the muscle in which this will help eliminate any tension in the muscle fibres, younger clients tend to have better muscle tone than older clients as with age the elasticity in the skin and muscle tend to weaken in which when lying down you may not see a lot of muscle areas but more boney areas in which you have to be careful not to cause the client any discomfort as the massage is meant to be both relaxing and enjoyable. Age: age is a big factor in determining the pressure of the massage and the heat of the stones, younger client will have more elasticity and collagen in the skin which helps with the stone to stretch the skin and a smoother  gliding motion over the surface, they will be able to stand more heat on the skin and tend not to bruise from the pressure of the stones on the muscles, older clients have less elasticity and collagen in which during the massage the skin takes longer to go back during the massage in which the skin may bundle up and cause the client discomfort, the client may bruise a lot more easily and more quickly due to age and clients may be more sensitive to the heat from the rocks. Health: if the client is in good health they will and has a good diet stone therapy Skin Condition: 4. Describe in detail stone therapy massage techniques and how these may be adapted to suit your clients considering general body types, muscle tone and skin conditions. Body Types: Taking into consideration the clients body type, you may find they don’t have much muscle on their back if they have an ectomorph body, if they are mesomorph they will have defined muscles or if they are endomorph they may have a bigger frame but not a lot of muscle, client can fall into more than one of these categories, when starting the massage with effleurage you can manual and visually assess the client body type to get a good a idea of how much pressure you should apply during the massage although some clients with a small build may like a firm massage while others with a bigger build may not be able to handle the pressure. Muscle Tone: Effleurage: Effleurage is used for spreading the oil over the client’s body and warming the muscle and tissues, this technique is used to begin the end the massage. Begin with your hand and stroke with superficial effleurage along the area to be massaged first, this is a good movement to manual check the muscle  tone and skin condition of the client, while still doing effleurage pick up the stones and introduce the texture of the stone to the skin. Take care over bony areas and that you can do more transverse effleurage, down the body, working along the length of the muscle fibres. Stroking: A gliding stroke is often performed with the outer edge of the stone, which reduces the amount of pressure applied, and it is really useful for finishing the movement at a lymph node to aid drainage. Combing/ stripping: This is a deep, intense stroke using the stone on its edge, working the muscle along its entire length from its origin to its insertion. This helps pull the muscle fibres outward and removes tension, and is best performed when the stone has lost some of its heat, so use this after the first round of effleurage to create a deep release and stretch of soft tissue. Petrissage: Pressing and releasing of the tissue that you would achieve with the hands can be achieved with the stones either flat or for deep concentrated work using the edges. Though you do not have as much contact with the body as you do with manual massage and cannot judge the extra depth, which the stones give. These kneading movements can be very deep always be aware they can cause bruising, clients may think that pain is part of the treatment and that they must put up with it, there is a certain painful but relaxing feeling in having tension knots removed, it should not be continuously sore. The client should not feel tender afterwards, if they do this is a sign you are going too deeply into the tissue. Frictions: Frictions can be simulated with stones by using the edge of the stone, to give mild pressure for a soothing feeling or more concentrated pressure to stimulate the nerve endings. This will entirely depend upon the client, whether they just need tension released or deep tissue manipulation. Alternatively you may miss this movement out altogether if the client wants  to fall asleep. Piezoelectric effects or vibrations can be achieved with the stones very successfully. Vibrations can also be achieved by rhythmical tapping of two stones together creating sound – one stays in contact with skin while the other taps it at the top. This causes a transfer of energy to electrical vibration that should gently remind the client of the noise. This method is effective at removing tension knots. Stone placing: The stones are placed on or underneath the body, covered by a towel or sheet to prevent burning. Never place stones directly onto the vertebrae or placements before the massage, placement should be after the massage continuing the good relaxing work of the stones and keeps heat in the muscles. Holding: The heated stones can be held in the hands to keep the client warm during treatment or for any specific problems in any region. It is good to keep checking with the client that the stone isn’t to hot for them or burning their hands and keep referring back to the client to check that they are comfortable. 5. Research and explain two pre-blend aromatherapy oils used in stone therapy massage and the effects each blend will have on your stone therapy massage. Stimulating: is recommended for people who feel sluggish, tired and emotionally drained. The benefits and use of this pre-blend is used for strengthening the immune system, uplifting, relieves bloating and indigestion, helps with high blood pressure and asthma, ect. Essential oils: Lemon, Cedarwood, Juniper, Prunus, Citrus Peal, Peppermint and Juranium. Anti Stress: is recommended for people who feel stressed, used for stimulating the lymphatic system, helps reduces headaches, helps reduces cellulite, relieves aches and pains, helps reduce insomnia, respiratory problems, helps reduce panic attacks and anxiety, helps improve self esteem Essential oils: Sweet Orange, Sweet Almond, Lavender, Mandarin, Avocado, Weedjurm, Grapefruit, Petitgrain, Ylang Ylang and Margarin. The effects that the pre-blended oils have on the body when using with stone therapy massage, they will affect the body much quick and spreads though out the body much faster due to the heat stimulating the muscle fibres and blood circulation, the heat enhances the overall effect of the massage faster then manual massage as one movement with the stone massage is equal to ten movements with manual massage. Other benefits of pre-blended oils are: Dramatic improvement in general health and well being, increase in vitality, improvement in the colour and texture of the skin, positive effect on mood and thought, relieves stress, stimulates or soothes the nervous system, eliminates toxic waste from the skin and muscle system, stimulates blood and lymph supply, relieves muscular tension and warms the muscles. 6. Create a client information/after-care advice sheet, to explain the post-treatment restrictions, after-care advice and use of homecare products for stone therapy treatments. There are many physical and emotional benefits to regular stone massage. Stone massage will soothe away stress and tension, leaving you feeling peaceful, relaxed, revitalized and energized and it is becoming a very popular treatment, perfect for promoting a calm mind, balanced emotions, a stress-free body and for maintaining optimum holistic health. Stone massage feels wonderful and healing, it is relaxing and has a positive effect on the mind, emotions, nervous system, circulation and muscles. After your massage you will usually feel relaxed and be enjoying the benefits of the treatment, however to gain maximum benefit it’s a good idea to follow a few simple guidelines for at least 24 hours and preferably 48 hours after you receive your massage. Try to relax and avoid strenuous activity for the rest of the day Drink plenty of water and avoid alcohol, fizzy drinks and those containing caffeine Eat light meals and avoid heavy or spicy foods Avoid heat treatments (hot baths, saunas etc) Avoid smoking or cut down as much as possible Following your massage you may experience some of the following symptoms for up to 48 hours Aches, pains or mild flu like symptoms Stuffy, runny or blocked nose Heightened emotions Tiredness or fatigue Increased visits to the toilet Slight worsening of symptoms Irritable or weepy Increased thirst These symptoms are quite normal and are simply a sign that your body is going through a healing process so try to embrace them as something positive and know they won’t last long. Bibliography http://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/FEAndVocational/WorkBasedLearning/BeautyTherapy/Level3(NVQSVQ)DiplomainBeautyTherapy/Samples/Level3CandidateHandbooksamplematerial/Level3BeautyTherapyCandidateHandbookUnitB28.pdf

Culture Care Theory And Application - 1713 Words

Culture Care Theory and Application Nursing theory is foundational to nursing practice; however, there exists a reciprocal relationship between practice and theory. Through examining nursing theory, the nurse can make better-informed decisions about the patient’s care. In addition, the theory will influence the care for future patients as well. One theorist that changed the landscape of nursing is Madeleine Leininger. Her culture care theory changed the dialogue of healthcare regarding care. This paper will discuss the importance of theory in nursing theory. Next, a summary of Leininger’s theory will precede a discussion about how the theory will be applied in a nursing context. Finally, the correlation between Leininger’s theory and the practice of a nurse practitioner will ensue. Her culture care theory will inform the practice of a nurse practitioner and how culturally competent care will be given. Importance of Nursing Theory â€Å"Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing† (Colley, 2003, p. 33); therefore, nursing theory is the scaffolding on which nurses stand to build and remodel nursing practice. This is a symbiotic relationship because nursing theory builds the nursing practice and as practice expands the scaffolding must, in turn, grow as well. As such, the investigation into practice and research keep informing the practice and profession of nursing. Ultimately this leads to more effective patient care utilizing evidenced-basedShow MoreRelatedCulture Care Theory And Application1675 Words   |  7 PagesCulture Care Theory and Application Nursing theory is foundational to nursing practice; however, there exists a reciprocal relationship between practice and theory. Through examining nursing theory, the nurse can make better-informed decisions about the patient’s care. 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Certain personality traits develop from difficulty inRead MoreThe Implications Of Hispanic Satisfaction Of Healthcare Delivery1540 Words   |  7 PagesTheory Implications in Hispanic Satisfaction of Healthcare Delivery Projections that the United States will undergo an unavoidable demographical change by 2043 in which the minority population will be seen as the majority (Colby, Ortman, 2014), has been consistent. The United States Census Bureau (U.S.) (2014) projects that as the largest ethnic minority, Hispanics, will grow exponentially to 128.8 million by 2060 from 53.3 million calculated in 2012 and having profound repercussions in the nation’sRead MoreNursess Promotion Of Health Literacy Using Theories1706 Words   |  7 PagesNurses Role in Promotion of Health Literacy Using Theories Health literacy has been a problem with our patients. 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Standard For Better Quality Accounting And Reporting

Report Aim: Many companies are looking to adopt this standard for better quality accounting and reporting and so I will be looking into the issues with IFRS such as measurement and reporting of profit, implications of adopting IFRS, the reintroduction of the concept of prudence and other proposed changes to the conceptual framework. Conceptual Frame work: According to ACCA[2014], a conceptual frame work must â€Å"consider the theoretical and conceptual issues surrounding financial reporting and form a coherent and consistent foundation that will underpin the development of accounting standards†[ACCA, 2014]. This definition incorporates the IASB and FASB definition of conceptual framework. So in other words, conceptual framework forms the†¦show more content†¦By means of conceptual framework, FASB is able to issue consistent useful standards. However FASB has been criticized for not having a formal post-implementation of standards for reviewing the effect of a newly issued accounting standard [Christine, 2011]. But the biggest criticism that the US standard setting board was more rules based and should take a more principles based approach which is more associated with IASB but it can also be said that FASB uses the principles to somewhat produce the rules for the preparers of accounting statement [Schipper 2003]. Enron Scandal The rule-based approach came into the firing line after the big scandal of Enron and WorldCom. Nelson [2003, p.91] suggested that rules can in some ways increase the accuracy which standard setters communicate their requirement and reduces the imprecision that lead to aggressive reporting but he also highlight rules can consequently lead to complexity and to structuring of transactions. In fact the case of Enron, WorldCom and Xerox are among the financial scandal that called for the review of US standard approached. Enron is a case that clearly shows that the rules-based standards are insufficient to prevent the scandal. Although Enron committed fraud, it is however more complex than that because they were staying within the accounting rules and regulationsShow MoreRelatedThe Harmonisation Of Accounting Standards1151 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The harmonisation of accounting standards across the world has been a controversial issues in accounting profession throughout a long period of time. Despite the long establishment of the International Financial reporting standards developed by the IASB, there are still a number of countries who resist to adopt the system comprehensively. Particularly, United Stated are developing their own accounting system instead of adopting the global standards. 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Organizational Behavior Seemed Irrelevant To Me, In Fact,

Organizational behavior seemed irrelevant to me, in fact, I likened it to office politics where those who â€Å"played ball† were the ones that were more likely to succeed. While that may be true, to a certain extent, organizational behavior is a way of understanding people and their personalities and using that information to make connections; My perception has changed from it being something negative to a positive skill set. It is a useful tool to gain insight into my own behavioral patterns while juxtaposing my personality traits with that of my co-workers to see how I can become a better co-worker, employee, and leader. In taking the Myers-Briggs Personality Test for the second time in three years my relational style has not changed. I†¦show more content†¦The following are figures: As an ENFJ, my primary mode of living is externally focused so much so that I deal with things according to how I feel about them, or fit into my personal value system (Keirsey, p. 18). This aspect is evident to others as I hold the Christian worldview aligning everything to biblical standards. Dr. Fischer further explains the importance of recognizing that our view on organizational behavior and on life itself is influenced by our worldview, which is, â€Å"an intellectual, emotional, and spiritual framework by which every person views reality, makes sense of life, and applies meaning to everything (Fischer, 2009). E-Extraverted Extraverts are the equivalent of a â€Å"D† personality type on the DiSC graph: â€Å"D† Control Specialists– Dominance shapes the environment by overcoming opposition to accomplish results. Priorities include: task and results; motivated by challenges; appears to be direct and self-assured and fears being taken advantage of (DISC Profiles, 2014). It would be to my advantage as a â€Å"D† type to â€Å"Opt Out† of my need to win when it comes to relationships. This aspect of my personality is both a strength and weakness in my work life. 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Patronage During the Italian Renaissance free essay sample

Imagine being an artist in Florence during the 1400-1500’s. The city would be a lively place bursting with numerous aspiring artists. Of the young men learning their trade as best as possible, most will not achieve centuries of notoriety. The ones that do earn the honor of being remembered today all had a common theme; wealthy patrons, including wealthy individuals, guilds and the church. Throughout the Italian Renaissance, the artists who achieved the most success were the artists who acquired the most notable patrons. Probably the most famous of these patrons were the Medici’s and, like other patrons, they were rich and powerful. The power did not always come directly from running the government, but because they had enough financial influence over the people in the Florentine government they indirectly influenced how the area was run. This influence means they had connections with the most important people of their day, important people who would also create commissions for the artists. Powerful families were not only financially secure, but had excess money to spend on expensive items such as bronze sculptures. For the patrons it was all about showing off what they could afford to other wealthy families. Wealthy families influenced the arts because they wanted to show off, it was politically wise, and they actually appreciated the arts. These reasons lead to a profound impact upon the patron-artist relationship and the art produced during the Italian Renaissance period. Patronage To Flaunt The Medici’s were a highly affluent family and they desired to show off their excess wealth. Basically, they wanted to flaunt their wealth. Once the more expensive things in life, such fancy clothes are bought and a fancy party provided for all the friends, what else is there to do with such an excess of money? Becoming a patron of the arts was not always in association with a love of art, but because the people who could afford it wanted to show off their wealth and prestige. One of the very best ways to do this was to purchase extravagant and expensive artwork, because it is long lasting and highly visual. One example of prestige is the tabernacle for the Church of the Annunziara in Florence. It was commissioned by Piero d’Medici and the inscription states that the marble alone costs 4000 florins. (Burke, p 98) Another proof this reason for patronage was so common is the statement, â€Å"the majority of the types of commission just referred to were determined by the taste and outlook of the upper middle class. † (Antal, p134) Many other sources assert the same exact thing. Most commissions were done according to the taste of the upper middle class because they were the people competing with one another to have the most extraordinary art. It is easy to invite people over and show the art to them or conveniently place artworks in public places to feature to clients and coworkers. This is a social practice widely used today and was in no way different during the Italian Renaissance. Political Scheming A wealthy person might support the arts based on politic scheming. If the wealth holder is a patron of the arts, then it shows he respects the talents of other men and is willing to support those other men. To quote Machiavelli, â€Å"A prince ought to show himself a lover of ability, giving employment to able men and honoring those who excel in a particular field. (Burke, p99) For someone with political aspirations, living this type of life would prove to political supporters how aware he or she is of other people’s abilities. And when someone supports those abilities as just a regular member of society, that support will likely increase as the person rises in power and wealth. The Medici’s exemplified this by the amount of art they increasingly commissioned as they increased in wealth and climbed their way to control over Florence. An example of political scheming is Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi. It was commissioned by Guasparre di Zanobi del Lama, to be an alter piece for a chapel in the Santa Maria Novella. Traditionally, paintings of the magi are painted to pay religious homage to Christ, and the Magi who travelled to see him. In this particular version, Botticelli paints likenesses of the Medici into the people including depicting Cosimo de’Medici as the Magi kneeling before Jesus. It is believed that the he painted such a powerful family into the painting because of his patron’s desires. Guasparre del Lama wanted the Medici painted as the prominent characters to show his respect for the powerful family. People rarely show such a public display of adoration for a politically powerful family without having personal, underlying political motives. Ultimately, this man used his influence on the arts as a method of getting attention from the Medici family. (Analysis: Botticelli’s â€Å"Adoration of the Magi† 2010) Positive Patron-Artist Relationships When the artists developed a positive relationship with the patron, it proved highly beneficial for the individual artists. These benefits were primarily financial, including the potential for more work from the same patron. This can be seen many times over, including the example of Raphael with Pope Julius II. If the artist’s work pleased the patron, they would be likely to higher the same artist for more art, which would in turn lead to a stable income for the artist. In order to please the patron, the artist had to follow their specifications. Raphael completed many masterpieces for the Pope, including 3 frescoes in the Vatican. These pieces are proof that in order to please the Pope, Raphael had to incorporate him into the art. One source explained the School of Athens and the Disputa as the earthly and celestial wisdom of Julius II, while the Parnussus shows the beauty of creativity. The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple symbolizes the expulsion of the French and the subjugation of all the church’s enemies, with Julius II depicted witnessing the scene from his portable throne. In the Uffizi gallery in Florence there is a fresco completed by Raphael, showing the Pope as a resigned, pensive old man instead of a victorious Moses springing to his feet, as Michelangelo portrayed him. What the artist wanted in his paintings was irrelevant compared with the need to please the patron and continue acquiring commissions. (Barnett 2007) Not all artist-patron relationships were entirely business oriented. For proof of this more positive impact, it requires a look at Michelangelo and Lorenzo de’Medici. Unlike Raphael and Pope Julius II, Michelangelo’s relationship with Lorenzo Medici was much deeper. They were as close, if not closer than many fathers and sons. Michelangelo lived with the Medici’s for two years as a teenager because Lorenzo saw his talent and invited him to live at the Medici palace and study art while he was there. Lorenzo greatly appreciated his talents and was a constant source of encouragement to the young Michelangelo. There was a tradition in the Medici household, that the most prominent people were allowed to sit down first, and Michelangelo was allowed to sit before Lorenzo’s own son. Michelangelo returned the favor by carving the impressive marble relief, The Battle of the Centaurs for Lorenzo. Because of the bond the two shared, it did not come as a surprise to anyone that he went into a temporary depression upon Lorenzo’s death. Artists developing positive relationships with their patrons that heavily impacted their personal lives as well as their careers were rare for the time, but did occur on occasion and had an extended influence on their entire lives. Networking through Patronage Another major benefit that occurred from pleasing the patron was the networking. When the patron liked an artist, and another wealthy friend wanted to commission a piece of art, they would recommend the artist they liked most. Most often, when the need for an artist was announced, the artists interested would begin pestering the patron. A letter would achieve the pestering if the artist was not currently in the same city. This constant bothering involved the artists convincing their wealthy connections to encourage the patron to select them or reminding the patron of the positives concerning their working relationship. In these cases, the patron would pick the artist based upon their own personal working relationship with the artist. In 1474, news spread in Milan that the Duke wanted a chapel in Pavia to be painted. The duke’s agent is recorded as complaining that all the painters, â€Å"good and bad† were bothering him about becoming the artist for the chapel. (Burke, 101-102) Trouble often arose concerning the contract between the patron and artist over what had to be done, how it was to be done, when it would be done and how much it would cost. One well-known example requires looking at Michelangelo’s experiences with Pope Julius II. The strain between the two was constant and caused many complications. In order to get Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel, Julius II had to first convince him to return to Rome. Something Michelangelo did with the assumption that pleasing the Pope would allow him to start working on the tomb again. How they agreed on what exactly was depicted in the Chapel does not have any specific source in the contracts, but most art historians would agree that it was a source of contention initially between the two obstinate men. And as the work progressed, Pope Julius II would show up and create new tension by telling Michelangelo to work faster. Despite the constant struggles, the Sistine Chapel was completed, which is not true for every patron-artist relationship gone south. The relationship between the patron and artist could easily become strained resulting in frustration, unfinished works and a bad experience. But like the Pope, other wealthy families usually still commissioned paintings and sculptures because they enjoyed owning them. Even if working with an artist could be stressful. Artists would in turn continue to complete works commissioned from frustrating patrons because they provided a continuous livelihood. (King, 2003) Other Patronage Topics Another question brought to mind by the Sistine Chapel is whether great art would exist if the patron was not there to fund the art and to push the artist. Not all patrons were quite as pushy as Pope Julius II, but all patrons had some kind of say in how the paintings and sculptures were created. Proof of this is found in the surviving contracts from this time period. Without these contractual agreements and without the constant bothering from the patrons, many artworks would probably never have been completed. Due to the artist getting distracted by other work or simply not being interested in that particular piece anymore. A type of art that has not yet been discussed yet is architecture. Patrons who commissioned buildings were typically guilds or major groups in society, instead of individuals. But these types of patrons also had major influences on the architects. Brunelleschi’s Dome focuses on a major example of how the architects were influential. These guild patrons often helped competitions to decide who got the work instead of just going and picking someone. In the book, Brunelleschi was the main focus, but other people were brought up, such as the people he worked with and competed against. Prestige is the main factor behind competition, and competing against people who are already well known would have been difficult, so for Brunelleschi to compete anyway must have required a high amount of confidence. Especially after the rivalry between Brunelleschi and Ghiberti sparked by the gates of paradise ompetition lead Brunelleschi to focus on architecture instead of goldsmith artwork. Meaning the challenge of capping Santa Maria del Fiore must have appealed to him so greatly; that he did not care whom else he competed against. Its very pleasing that he gets the ultimate victory of the Dome, because that is the main architectural aspect of Florence and the baptistery doors exist in the shadows of his masterpiece. This method of earning a commission fueled rivalries and competition, which added to the competitive nature of art during the Italian Renaissance. This competitive nature in turn created the best work possible from each artist. When recognized for winning a competition, the artist would achieve high levels of fame that could make a career noteworthy. (King, 2000) Conclusion: Those with wealth affect everything because they are the ones with power. Art did not manage to escape that, especially throughout the Italian Renaissance. The motivation for each patron varied from political reasons, to the purpose of personal enjoyment, to the desire of flaunting to others. Sometimes their impacts limited the artists, other times they helped the artist become better skilled and more notable. Either way, the relationship between the patrons and the artists heavily influenced the final artistic product. [ 1 ]. Burke, Peter. The Italian Renaissance: culture and society in Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. [ 3 ]. Pluribus One Consulting, LLC, Analysis: Botticelli’s â€Å"Adoration of the Magi†. Last modified 2010. Accessed November 16, 2012. ttp://pluribusone. wordpress. com/2010/09 [ 4 ]. Barnett, Peter. iartid, Art in History. Last modified 2007. Accessed November 16, 2012. http://artid. com/members/art_in_history/blog/post/164-famous-patrons-and-their-influence-pope-julius-ii. [ 5 ]. Burke, Peter. The Italian Renaissance: culture and society in Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. [ 6 ]. King, Ross. Michelangelo and the Popes Ceiling. New York: Walker Publishing Company, Inc. , 2003 [ 7 ]. King, Ross. Bru nelleschis Dome. New York: Penguin Books, 2000.

Infant Observation free essay sample

For the infant observation, I chose a 10 months old baby girl named Riya. Riya is a full term baby with a birth weight of 7lb and 6oz, and a height of 19 inches. Her heart rate, pulse, appearance, and activities are normal at the time of birth. Riya is living with her father, mother and one elder brother. Her grandparents are here visiting from India. I asked Riya’s parents permission to observe her and they happily agreed for the observation. The mom told me that, she would call me on Saturday either morning or afternoon depending upon Riya’s sleep schedule. She called me around 11. 30, and mentioned that Riya just woke up from her sleep. The mom told me she is going to feed Riya next, and after that Riya will play with her brother. So I started driving to Riya’s house, which is in Sunnyvale just 10mins away from where I live. We will write a custom essay sample on Infant Observation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I reached Riya’s house it was 11. 45am on Saturday morning. It was a beautiful morning. Riya was in a high chair in the kitchen. The grandma was feeding to Riya. I went quietly and stood few steps away from the grandma. Riya looked at me. Then the grandma started talking to Riya. She then turned back to the grandma. She boiled rice, dhal, carrot, beans, potato, tomato with salt and grinded, and added little ghee with the mashed rice. Riya seems to like that food and when grandma says â€Å"uh† bringing the spoon near Riya’s mouth, she opened her mouth and swallowed the food. Riya’s fingers were banging on the high chair table, while legs kept constantly kicking. I noticed Riya is expecting grandma to talk and interact with her each spoon. After I went, for the first spoon, the grandma told â€Å"Chellakutty† open your mouth, Riya’s hands hit the high chair table, and leg kicked in the air. While bringing the second spoon, the grandma said â€Å"En kannulaa†, and then jumped with joy â€Å"nga, ngaa†. Riya’s grandma brought the third spoon to Riya while talking to her mom, Riya looked at her mom and did not open her mouth. Then Riya’s grandma told, â€Å"Oh, you want me to talk to you, not your mommy† and gave the next spoon, this time Riya smiled and opened her mouth and took the food. When the bowl is ? done, Riya seemed to slower down started to looking down from the side of her high chair. The grandma gave one more spoon Riya did not open her mouth and started to look again down. The grandma made a noise like an airplane coming down that sounded like this,zzzzzzzzzzz. Then Riya smiled and opened her mouth. Two more spoons went like that. After that Riya was looking down from the high chair and did not turn at the food. Then the grandma stopped. Riya’s mom came, took her bib off, cleaned her and took her out from the high chair. Riya’s mom brought Riya to the living room, and kept her in the mat. I moved from the living room and stood away from Riya. She was sitting up in the mat. Her legs were moving back and forth more like kicking. Riya’s brother, who is 6yrs old, was waiting for this moment to play with Riya. He brought a baby keyboard toy, a steering wheel baby toy, a battery operated shape toy and a teething ring, which the boy told me that was Riya’s favorite one. Riya was looking at her brother, smiling. Her legs started moving fast back and forth, and arms were in clapping position. The boy made the music with the steering wheel toy. Some colored lights came and the toy started talking â€Å"Let’s ride on the bus†. The boy was steering the wheel and Riya was looking at the toy and the boy and kept smiling made the noise ‘nka, nkaaa’. Riya touched the toy, and then moved to the teething ring. She grabbed the teething ring and started biting that. Riya’s brother hugged her. Riya turned to him and smiled at him, while biting the ring. Since Riya was enjoying this, her brother hugged her little tightly. I think this made Riya uncomfortable and started crying. Then the mom came and took Riya, kept her in her shoulder and starting patting. Riya Slowly calm down. After this she left Riya down, she started crawling and reached the family room. She turned back and smiled at her mom, caught the TV cabinet and slowly stood up, she turned back and smiled at her mom and grandma again. Riya used her fingers and started banging on the TV cabinet, while turned back and looked at her mom. Then she crawled fast and got the toy chest edge with her fingers and stood up again. Since Riya’s family planned to go out, I ended my observation. The time was 12. 35pm. Physical and Motor development of Riya: Riya has good control of lifting her chest, rolling, sitting, moving, and crawling. Riya could hold up of an object and stand up and walk with her toes. Riya has good control of her arm, she could clap with her hands, could hold on or grab an object tightly. She has a good control of her leg movement also. Riya has fine pincer control also. Cognitive Development of Riya: From the observation of her eating time, I noticed that she has a good taste, smell and temperature and texture quality. She needs her food to be warm. Riya could see objects from distance. As far as the language Riya could clearly identify all her family members voices and could distinguish between them. She is making sounds like â€Å"nga, mmmaaa† . Social Development of Riya: Riya is social with her family. I was a quite observer only, and not interacted with her. She was very happy with her brother and mommy’s voices. Riya is yet to start the daycare in two months. Emotional development: As far as the emotions Riya was happy, sad, cried, calm, disgusted and frustrated for later part of the food. Over all I had a great experience of watching an infant’s behavior. All this time I was a quite observer and not interacted with Riya. I thanked Riya’s parents, grandma and brother for their co-operation and left from there.