Standard For Better Quality Accounting And Reporting

Report Aim: Many companies are looking to adopt this standard for better quality accounting and reporting and so I will be looking into the issues with IFRS such as measurement and reporting of profit, implications of adopting IFRS, the reintroduction of the concept of prudence and other proposed changes to the conceptual framework. Conceptual Frame work: According to ACCA[2014], a conceptual frame work must â€Å"consider the theoretical and conceptual issues surrounding financial reporting and form a coherent and consistent foundation that will underpin the development of accounting standards†[ACCA, 2014]. This definition incorporates the IASB and FASB definition of conceptual framework. So in other words, conceptual framework forms the†¦show more content†¦By means of conceptual framework, FASB is able to issue consistent useful standards. However FASB has been criticized for not having a formal post-implementation of standards for reviewing the effect of a newly issued accounting standard [Christine, 2011]. But the biggest criticism that the US standard setting board was more rules based and should take a more principles based approach which is more associated with IASB but it can also be said that FASB uses the principles to somewhat produce the rules for the preparers of accounting statement [Schipper 2003]. Enron Scandal The rule-based approach came into the firing line after the big scandal of Enron and WorldCom. Nelson [2003, p.91] suggested that rules can in some ways increase the accuracy which standard setters communicate their requirement and reduces the imprecision that lead to aggressive reporting but he also highlight rules can consequently lead to complexity and to structuring of transactions. In fact the case of Enron, WorldCom and Xerox are among the financial scandal that called for the review of US standard approached. Enron is a case that clearly shows that the rules-based standards are insufficient to prevent the scandal. Although Enron committed fraud, it is however more complex than that because they were staying within the accounting rules and regulationsShow MoreRelatedThe Harmonisation Of Accounting Standards1151 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The harmonisation of accounting standards across the world has been a controversial issues in accounting profession throughout a long period of time. Despite the long establishment of the International Financial reporting standards developed by the IASB, there are still a number of countries who resist to adopt the system comprehensively. Particularly, United Stated are developing their own accounting system instead of adopting the global standards. It is argued that IFRS is not potentiallyRead MoreAccounting Theory and Research1155 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting Standards Board University of Phoenix Accounting Theory and Research Jun 13, 2009 Accounting Standards Board To address the increasing challenges of legislating those governs our society today, â€Å"countries all over the world have begun to outsource rulemaking to bodies consisting of people familiar with the subject. For that reason, policymakers rely on private entities to establish financial accounting and reporting standards† (Donald Kieso, 2003, Intermediate Accounting). TheRead MoreAccounting Standard And International Accounting Standards Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesAccounting standard has been introduced after the World War II where every country has its own proper accounting practices such as the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (the US GAAP). 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In more recent yearsRead MoreHow Local Institutional And Economic Factors Influence Arise With Uniform Standards Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesBall (2006) posits â€Å"the notion that uniform standards alone will produce uniform financial reporting seems naà ¯ve.† Discuss, wi th aid of relevant literature and examples, to what extent you agree with the above statement. According to Alexander et al. (2011), stakeholders around the world uses information from financial statements in their decision-making process for many different purposes and it is almost the same on how they use the information in every country. However, there can be differencesRead MoreCurrent Financial Reporting Standards On The Workplace Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Financial Reporting Issues It is incontestable that international financial reporting standards (IFRS) are in vogue and global conformity theoretically on the doorstep as about 100 countries implement standard financial regulations. 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Organizational Behavior Seemed Irrelevant To Me, In Fact,

Organizational behavior seemed irrelevant to me, in fact, I likened it to office politics where those who â€Å"played ball† were the ones that were more likely to succeed. While that may be true, to a certain extent, organizational behavior is a way of understanding people and their personalities and using that information to make connections; My perception has changed from it being something negative to a positive skill set. It is a useful tool to gain insight into my own behavioral patterns while juxtaposing my personality traits with that of my co-workers to see how I can become a better co-worker, employee, and leader. In taking the Myers-Briggs Personality Test for the second time in three years my relational style has not changed. I†¦show more content†¦The following are figures: As an ENFJ, my primary mode of living is externally focused so much so that I deal with things according to how I feel about them, or fit into my personal value system (Keirsey, p. 18). This aspect is evident to others as I hold the Christian worldview aligning everything to biblical standards. Dr. Fischer further explains the importance of recognizing that our view on organizational behavior and on life itself is influenced by our worldview, which is, â€Å"an intellectual, emotional, and spiritual framework by which every person views reality, makes sense of life, and applies meaning to everything (Fischer, 2009). E-Extraverted Extraverts are the equivalent of a â€Å"D† personality type on the DiSC graph: â€Å"D† Control Specialists– Dominance shapes the environment by overcoming opposition to accomplish results. Priorities include: task and results; motivated by challenges; appears to be direct and self-assured and fears being taken advantage of (DISC Profiles, 2014). It would be to my advantage as a â€Å"D† type to â€Å"Opt Out† of my need to win when it comes to relationships. This aspect of my personality is both a strength and weakness in my work life. I am known as the â€Å"go-to girl† for all difficult tasks. A couple of months ago, our Vice President of Human Resources was walking around introducing the new President of our location in Europe, when she got to myShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Vigilance Project Case Study2360 Words   |  10 Pagesthere were issues they wanted to discuss. Didier strongly controlled the way meetings were run by restricting the kinds of information that was exchanged and the ways in which it was exchang ed. Also, the other French team members seemed to be in accordance to Didier’s behavior. When there was discussion, many of the U.S. core team members felt their ideas were given little or no consideration. He was too autocratic which was backed up by Reynolds and Lanigan, Powell all from the US counterpart of theRead MoreWhy I Don t An Event Essay3850 Words   |  16 Pageswade through. 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Patronage During the Italian Renaissance free essay sample

Imagine being an artist in Florence during the 1400-1500’s. The city would be a lively place bursting with numerous aspiring artists. Of the young men learning their trade as best as possible, most will not achieve centuries of notoriety. The ones that do earn the honor of being remembered today all had a common theme; wealthy patrons, including wealthy individuals, guilds and the church. Throughout the Italian Renaissance, the artists who achieved the most success were the artists who acquired the most notable patrons. Probably the most famous of these patrons were the Medici’s and, like other patrons, they were rich and powerful. The power did not always come directly from running the government, but because they had enough financial influence over the people in the Florentine government they indirectly influenced how the area was run. This influence means they had connections with the most important people of their day, important people who would also create commissions for the artists. Powerful families were not only financially secure, but had excess money to spend on expensive items such as bronze sculptures. For the patrons it was all about showing off what they could afford to other wealthy families. Wealthy families influenced the arts because they wanted to show off, it was politically wise, and they actually appreciated the arts. These reasons lead to a profound impact upon the patron-artist relationship and the art produced during the Italian Renaissance period. Patronage To Flaunt The Medici’s were a highly affluent family and they desired to show off their excess wealth. Basically, they wanted to flaunt their wealth. Once the more expensive things in life, such fancy clothes are bought and a fancy party provided for all the friends, what else is there to do with such an excess of money? Becoming a patron of the arts was not always in association with a love of art, but because the people who could afford it wanted to show off their wealth and prestige. One of the very best ways to do this was to purchase extravagant and expensive artwork, because it is long lasting and highly visual. One example of prestige is the tabernacle for the Church of the Annunziara in Florence. It was commissioned by Piero d’Medici and the inscription states that the marble alone costs 4000 florins. (Burke, p 98) Another proof this reason for patronage was so common is the statement, â€Å"the majority of the types of commission just referred to were determined by the taste and outlook of the upper middle class. † (Antal, p134) Many other sources assert the same exact thing. Most commissions were done according to the taste of the upper middle class because they were the people competing with one another to have the most extraordinary art. It is easy to invite people over and show the art to them or conveniently place artworks in public places to feature to clients and coworkers. This is a social practice widely used today and was in no way different during the Italian Renaissance. Political Scheming A wealthy person might support the arts based on politic scheming. If the wealth holder is a patron of the arts, then it shows he respects the talents of other men and is willing to support those other men. To quote Machiavelli, â€Å"A prince ought to show himself a lover of ability, giving employment to able men and honoring those who excel in a particular field. (Burke, p99) For someone with political aspirations, living this type of life would prove to political supporters how aware he or she is of other people’s abilities. And when someone supports those abilities as just a regular member of society, that support will likely increase as the person rises in power and wealth. The Medici’s exemplified this by the amount of art they increasingly commissioned as they increased in wealth and climbed their way to control over Florence. An example of political scheming is Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi. It was commissioned by Guasparre di Zanobi del Lama, to be an alter piece for a chapel in the Santa Maria Novella. Traditionally, paintings of the magi are painted to pay religious homage to Christ, and the Magi who travelled to see him. In this particular version, Botticelli paints likenesses of the Medici into the people including depicting Cosimo de’Medici as the Magi kneeling before Jesus. It is believed that the he painted such a powerful family into the painting because of his patron’s desires. Guasparre del Lama wanted the Medici painted as the prominent characters to show his respect for the powerful family. People rarely show such a public display of adoration for a politically powerful family without having personal, underlying political motives. Ultimately, this man used his influence on the arts as a method of getting attention from the Medici family. (Analysis: Botticelli’s â€Å"Adoration of the Magi† 2010) Positive Patron-Artist Relationships When the artists developed a positive relationship with the patron, it proved highly beneficial for the individual artists. These benefits were primarily financial, including the potential for more work from the same patron. This can be seen many times over, including the example of Raphael with Pope Julius II. If the artist’s work pleased the patron, they would be likely to higher the same artist for more art, which would in turn lead to a stable income for the artist. In order to please the patron, the artist had to follow their specifications. Raphael completed many masterpieces for the Pope, including 3 frescoes in the Vatican. These pieces are proof that in order to please the Pope, Raphael had to incorporate him into the art. One source explained the School of Athens and the Disputa as the earthly and celestial wisdom of Julius II, while the Parnussus shows the beauty of creativity. The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple symbolizes the expulsion of the French and the subjugation of all the church’s enemies, with Julius II depicted witnessing the scene from his portable throne. In the Uffizi gallery in Florence there is a fresco completed by Raphael, showing the Pope as a resigned, pensive old man instead of a victorious Moses springing to his feet, as Michelangelo portrayed him. What the artist wanted in his paintings was irrelevant compared with the need to please the patron and continue acquiring commissions. (Barnett 2007) Not all artist-patron relationships were entirely business oriented. For proof of this more positive impact, it requires a look at Michelangelo and Lorenzo de’Medici. Unlike Raphael and Pope Julius II, Michelangelo’s relationship with Lorenzo Medici was much deeper. They were as close, if not closer than many fathers and sons. Michelangelo lived with the Medici’s for two years as a teenager because Lorenzo saw his talent and invited him to live at the Medici palace and study art while he was there. Lorenzo greatly appreciated his talents and was a constant source of encouragement to the young Michelangelo. There was a tradition in the Medici household, that the most prominent people were allowed to sit down first, and Michelangelo was allowed to sit before Lorenzo’s own son. Michelangelo returned the favor by carving the impressive marble relief, The Battle of the Centaurs for Lorenzo. Because of the bond the two shared, it did not come as a surprise to anyone that he went into a temporary depression upon Lorenzo’s death. Artists developing positive relationships with their patrons that heavily impacted their personal lives as well as their careers were rare for the time, but did occur on occasion and had an extended influence on their entire lives. Networking through Patronage Another major benefit that occurred from pleasing the patron was the networking. When the patron liked an artist, and another wealthy friend wanted to commission a piece of art, they would recommend the artist they liked most. Most often, when the need for an artist was announced, the artists interested would begin pestering the patron. A letter would achieve the pestering if the artist was not currently in the same city. This constant bothering involved the artists convincing their wealthy connections to encourage the patron to select them or reminding the patron of the positives concerning their working relationship. In these cases, the patron would pick the artist based upon their own personal working relationship with the artist. In 1474, news spread in Milan that the Duke wanted a chapel in Pavia to be painted. The duke’s agent is recorded as complaining that all the painters, â€Å"good and bad† were bothering him about becoming the artist for the chapel. (Burke, 101-102) Trouble often arose concerning the contract between the patron and artist over what had to be done, how it was to be done, when it would be done and how much it would cost. One well-known example requires looking at Michelangelo’s experiences with Pope Julius II. The strain between the two was constant and caused many complications. In order to get Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel, Julius II had to first convince him to return to Rome. Something Michelangelo did with the assumption that pleasing the Pope would allow him to start working on the tomb again. How they agreed on what exactly was depicted in the Chapel does not have any specific source in the contracts, but most art historians would agree that it was a source of contention initially between the two obstinate men. And as the work progressed, Pope Julius II would show up and create new tension by telling Michelangelo to work faster. Despite the constant struggles, the Sistine Chapel was completed, which is not true for every patron-artist relationship gone south. The relationship between the patron and artist could easily become strained resulting in frustration, unfinished works and a bad experience. But like the Pope, other wealthy families usually still commissioned paintings and sculptures because they enjoyed owning them. Even if working with an artist could be stressful. Artists would in turn continue to complete works commissioned from frustrating patrons because they provided a continuous livelihood. (King, 2003) Other Patronage Topics Another question brought to mind by the Sistine Chapel is whether great art would exist if the patron was not there to fund the art and to push the artist. Not all patrons were quite as pushy as Pope Julius II, but all patrons had some kind of say in how the paintings and sculptures were created. Proof of this is found in the surviving contracts from this time period. Without these contractual agreements and without the constant bothering from the patrons, many artworks would probably never have been completed. Due to the artist getting distracted by other work or simply not being interested in that particular piece anymore. A type of art that has not yet been discussed yet is architecture. Patrons who commissioned buildings were typically guilds or major groups in society, instead of individuals. But these types of patrons also had major influences on the architects. Brunelleschi’s Dome focuses on a major example of how the architects were influential. These guild patrons often helped competitions to decide who got the work instead of just going and picking someone. In the book, Brunelleschi was the main focus, but other people were brought up, such as the people he worked with and competed against. Prestige is the main factor behind competition, and competing against people who are already well known would have been difficult, so for Brunelleschi to compete anyway must have required a high amount of confidence. Especially after the rivalry between Brunelleschi and Ghiberti sparked by the gates of paradise ompetition lead Brunelleschi to focus on architecture instead of goldsmith artwork. Meaning the challenge of capping Santa Maria del Fiore must have appealed to him so greatly; that he did not care whom else he competed against. Its very pleasing that he gets the ultimate victory of the Dome, because that is the main architectural aspect of Florence and the baptistery doors exist in the shadows of his masterpiece. This method of earning a commission fueled rivalries and competition, which added to the competitive nature of art during the Italian Renaissance. This competitive nature in turn created the best work possible from each artist. When recognized for winning a competition, the artist would achieve high levels of fame that could make a career noteworthy. (King, 2000) Conclusion: Those with wealth affect everything because they are the ones with power. Art did not manage to escape that, especially throughout the Italian Renaissance. The motivation for each patron varied from political reasons, to the purpose of personal enjoyment, to the desire of flaunting to others. Sometimes their impacts limited the artists, other times they helped the artist become better skilled and more notable. Either way, the relationship between the patrons and the artists heavily influenced the final artistic product. [ 1 ]. Burke, Peter. The Italian Renaissance: culture and society in Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. [ 3 ]. Pluribus One Consulting, LLC, Analysis: Botticelli’s â€Å"Adoration of the Magi†. Last modified 2010. Accessed November 16, 2012. ttp://pluribusone. wordpress. com/2010/09 [ 4 ]. Barnett, Peter. iartid, Art in History. Last modified 2007. Accessed November 16, 2012. http://artid. com/members/art_in_history/blog/post/164-famous-patrons-and-their-influence-pope-julius-ii. [ 5 ]. Burke, Peter. The Italian Renaissance: culture and society in Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. [ 6 ]. King, Ross. Michelangelo and the Popes Ceiling. New York: Walker Publishing Company, Inc. , 2003 [ 7 ]. King, Ross. Bru nelleschis Dome. New York: Penguin Books, 2000.

Infant Observation free essay sample

For the infant observation, I chose a 10 months old baby girl named Riya. Riya is a full term baby with a birth weight of 7lb and 6oz, and a height of 19 inches. Her heart rate, pulse, appearance, and activities are normal at the time of birth. Riya is living with her father, mother and one elder brother. Her grandparents are here visiting from India. I asked Riya’s parents permission to observe her and they happily agreed for the observation. The mom told me that, she would call me on Saturday either morning or afternoon depending upon Riya’s sleep schedule. She called me around 11. 30, and mentioned that Riya just woke up from her sleep. The mom told me she is going to feed Riya next, and after that Riya will play with her brother. So I started driving to Riya’s house, which is in Sunnyvale just 10mins away from where I live. We will write a custom essay sample on Infant Observation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I reached Riya’s house it was 11. 45am on Saturday morning. It was a beautiful morning. Riya was in a high chair in the kitchen. The grandma was feeding to Riya. I went quietly and stood few steps away from the grandma. Riya looked at me. Then the grandma started talking to Riya. She then turned back to the grandma. She boiled rice, dhal, carrot, beans, potato, tomato with salt and grinded, and added little ghee with the mashed rice. Riya seems to like that food and when grandma says â€Å"uh† bringing the spoon near Riya’s mouth, she opened her mouth and swallowed the food. Riya’s fingers were banging on the high chair table, while legs kept constantly kicking. I noticed Riya is expecting grandma to talk and interact with her each spoon. After I went, for the first spoon, the grandma told â€Å"Chellakutty† open your mouth, Riya’s hands hit the high chair table, and leg kicked in the air. While bringing the second spoon, the grandma said â€Å"En kannulaa†, and then jumped with joy â€Å"nga, ngaa†. Riya’s grandma brought the third spoon to Riya while talking to her mom, Riya looked at her mom and did not open her mouth. Then Riya’s grandma told, â€Å"Oh, you want me to talk to you, not your mommy† and gave the next spoon, this time Riya smiled and opened her mouth and took the food. When the bowl is ? done, Riya seemed to slower down started to looking down from the side of her high chair. The grandma gave one more spoon Riya did not open her mouth and started to look again down. The grandma made a noise like an airplane coming down that sounded like this,zzzzzzzzzzz. Then Riya smiled and opened her mouth. Two more spoons went like that. After that Riya was looking down from the high chair and did not turn at the food. Then the grandma stopped. Riya’s mom came, took her bib off, cleaned her and took her out from the high chair. Riya’s mom brought Riya to the living room, and kept her in the mat. I moved from the living room and stood away from Riya. She was sitting up in the mat. Her legs were moving back and forth more like kicking. Riya’s brother, who is 6yrs old, was waiting for this moment to play with Riya. He brought a baby keyboard toy, a steering wheel baby toy, a battery operated shape toy and a teething ring, which the boy told me that was Riya’s favorite one. Riya was looking at her brother, smiling. Her legs started moving fast back and forth, and arms were in clapping position. The boy made the music with the steering wheel toy. Some colored lights came and the toy started talking â€Å"Let’s ride on the bus†. The boy was steering the wheel and Riya was looking at the toy and the boy and kept smiling made the noise ‘nka, nkaaa’. Riya touched the toy, and then moved to the teething ring. She grabbed the teething ring and started biting that. Riya’s brother hugged her. Riya turned to him and smiled at him, while biting the ring. Since Riya was enjoying this, her brother hugged her little tightly. I think this made Riya uncomfortable and started crying. Then the mom came and took Riya, kept her in her shoulder and starting patting. Riya Slowly calm down. After this she left Riya down, she started crawling and reached the family room. She turned back and smiled at her mom, caught the TV cabinet and slowly stood up, she turned back and smiled at her mom and grandma again. Riya used her fingers and started banging on the TV cabinet, while turned back and looked at her mom. Then she crawled fast and got the toy chest edge with her fingers and stood up again. Since Riya’s family planned to go out, I ended my observation. The time was 12. 35pm. Physical and Motor development of Riya: Riya has good control of lifting her chest, rolling, sitting, moving, and crawling. Riya could hold up of an object and stand up and walk with her toes. Riya has good control of her arm, she could clap with her hands, could hold on or grab an object tightly. She has a good control of her leg movement also. Riya has fine pincer control also. Cognitive Development of Riya: From the observation of her eating time, I noticed that she has a good taste, smell and temperature and texture quality. She needs her food to be warm. Riya could see objects from distance. As far as the language Riya could clearly identify all her family members voices and could distinguish between them. She is making sounds like â€Å"nga, mmmaaa† . Social Development of Riya: Riya is social with her family. I was a quite observer only, and not interacted with her. She was very happy with her brother and mommy’s voices. Riya is yet to start the daycare in two months. Emotional development: As far as the emotions Riya was happy, sad, cried, calm, disgusted and frustrated for later part of the food. Over all I had a great experience of watching an infant’s behavior. All this time I was a quite observer and not interacted with Riya. I thanked Riya’s parents, grandma and brother for their co-operation and left from there.

Ap Bio Lab Report Essay Example

Ap Bio Lab Report Essay Example Ap Bio Lab Report Paper Ap Bio Lab Report Paper Because segments interact with light, they are very useful to authoress. These pigments help the User gain energy. Because pigments only absorb a narrow range of light, many different color pigments are needed to capture more of the suns energy. There are three basic classes of pigments which are chlorophyll, carotenes, and physicians. There are several kinds of chlorophyll and they are greenish pigments. The most important one is chlorophyll A which is very important in making photosynthesis possible. Carotenes are red, orange or yellow pigments and physicians are water soluble pigments found in the cytoplasm. (www. Rockery. Due) Chromatography comes from the Greek words chromo and graph for Color Writing. The technique was developed by Mikhail Test who used it for separating pigments that made up plant dyes. Chromatography is a very valuable technique used for separating mixtures. It can be used for many things including find traces of drugs in urine and analyzing components of pollutants. (www. Exploratory. Due) Chloroplasts are special organelles found in plant cells. These organelles contain the plant cells chlorophyll providing it its green color. Because chlorophyll is important in making photosynthesis possible, it s a very important organelle in keeping the plant alive. (www. Selective. Com) Light reactions are the photo part of photosynthesis. These steps convert solar energy into chemical energy which then goes to the Calvin Cycle. (Campbell 189) Procedures: Exercise AAA- In this lab we separated the pigments from a spinach leaf. We started off by obtaining a long strip of paper and cutting it into a point. Then, we rubbed the crushed cells from the spinach leaf in a line 1. 5 CM from above the point. The paper strip was then put into a graduated cylinder with 1 CM of solvent in the bottom. We put a stopper over the top of the cylinder and attached as the solvent moved up the paper. When it got to about 1 CM from the top of the paper we removed it and marked the bottom of each pigment band. We marked 5 different pigment bands which showed us the different pigments in the plant. We also marked where the solvent stopped, or the solvent front. Then we used this data to find out which pigments were which color. Exercise B- In this lab we chloroplasts were extracted from spinach leaves and incubated with DIP in the presence of light. We started out by labeling 5 suspects and covered cavetti 2 because it was the control for the experiment. Then, we put 1 ml of hostage butter into each cavetti and into cavetti 1 we added 4 ml of distilled water. Then, we added 3 ml of distilled water and 1 ml of DIP into suspects 2, 3, and 4. Finally, in cavetti 5 we added 3 ml plus 3 drops of distilled water and 1 ml of DIP. To finish off cavetti 1 we added 3 drops of unbilled chloroplasts and inserted it into the spectrophotometer. All other tubes will be measured as a percentage of light transmitted through this tube. After that was measured, we added 3 drops of unbilled chloroplast to cavetti 2, removed it from its foil sleeve and read the percent transmittance. We put it back in the foil sleeve and laced the cavetti in the incubation rack in the light. We measured the percent transmittance every 5 minutes until we reached 15 minutes. The same thing was done to cavetti 3, however cavetti 3 did not have a covering over it. The one that showed the least change was the unbilled dark one and the one that showed the most was the boiled light cavetti. This shows us that amount of light and chloroplasts are very important for photosynthesis to occur. Analysis: 1. What factors are involved in the separation of the pigments? The solubility, size of particles, and their attractiveness to the paper. 2. Would you expect the RFC value of a pigment to be the same if a different solvent were used? No, the different solubility of the pigments would change the RFC value. 3. What type of chlorophyll does the reaction center contain? What are the roles of the other pigments? The reaction center contains chlorophyll a. The other pigments collect other light waves and transfer the energy to chlorophyll a. 4. What is the function of DIP in this experiment? It serves as an electron carrier and changes colors when accepting electrons. 5. What molecule found in chloroplasts does DIP replace in this experiment? NADIA 6. What is the source of the electrons that will reduce DIP? The electrons come from the photolysis of water. . What was measured with the spectrophotometer in this experiment? The effect of photosynthesis and the light in increasing amounts of time. The amount of light that passes through spec 20 measures the percent of light that passes through the cavetti due to DIP reduction. 8. What is the effect of darkness on the reduction of DIP? No reaction will occur because no photosynthesis is happening. 9. What is the effect of boiling the chloroplasts on the subsequent reduction of DIP? Boiling denatures the protein molecules and stops reduction. 10. What reasons can you give for the difference in the percentage of transmittance between the live chloroplasts that were incubated in the light and those that were kept in the dark? No light available in the dark cavetti so no photosynthesis, which caused for the DIP to stay dark allowing little light through. In the light cavetti, the photosynthesis occurred causing for the DIP to clear up allowing more light through. 11. Cavetti l:blank used to recalibrate the instrument between readings Cavetti 2: to observe the rate of photosynthesis without the presence of light Cavetti 3: to observe the rate of photosynthesis tit light.

Calculators on the SAT Tips from Experts

Calculators on the SAT Tips from Experts SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Calculators are allowed on the SAT, and not using them correctly can put you far behind. SAT experts Fred Zhang and Allen Cheng discuss which tips and strategies worked for them in getting perfect scores. Intro to Calculators on the SAT Allen: So just how important are calculators to the SAT? Fred: I would say they're of medium importance on the SATMath section. You absolutely need to have the right calculator strategy. On the one hand, most of the work on the math section (even the calculator section!) is interpreting the problem - a calculator can't do that for you. On the other hand, not using a calculator or using the wrong calculator strategy can really mess you up. Allen: I agree. Calculators can't make your day, but can definitely break your day.You need to avoid mistakes to get a good score on SAT Math, which you need to do if, for example, you are aiming for a top engineering school. Here are our top tips. Tip 1: Bring a Calculator The College Board Official Calculator Policy says that you don't need a calculator for the SAT. They say that because the College Board needs to make the SAT seem accessible to people of all income levels. The reality is that a calculator,and the right calculator at that, is an absolute must. We've taken the ACT, SAT, GRE, MCAT, and a whole slew of standardized tests as well as class tests. Whenever calculators were allowed, 9 out of 10 times they were of substantial help. When you need to multiply 2392 x 323, it's faster and more accurate to do so on a calculator. Bring your calculator! Tip 2: Always Double-Check the Entry Line What's an entry line? It's a lineat the top of the calculator that shows you what you've typed: Many Scientific Calculators, like the Casio fx-300MS (Fred's personal favorite for the SAT), have an entry line, as do the Ti-83, Ti-84 and Ti-89. Fred: Always, always glance at this to double-check before you hit enter. Glancing takes less than a second, and so many times I caught myself typing (425+25) instead of (424+25) or reversing a decimal. A few mistakes like that on the math section can cost you up to 50-100 points! By double-checking, I have managed almost never to make a computation mistake. Allen: Absolutely. My favorite SAT calculator is the Ti-89, and I check the entry line all the time. If you're a high scorer, it is crucial for preventing careless mistakes. If you're not a high scorer, it lets you double check the order of operations, and lets you match the equation on the paper. Fred: Oh, and implicit in all of this is that you should stay away from calculators that don't have an entry line.That 4-function (only does add, subtract, multiply, divide) calculator in the closet? No way. Some scientific calculators don't have an entry line - using one would put you at a big disadvantage. Tip 3: Be Familiar With Your Calculator Allen: What would you say your worst calculator experiences were? Fred: Oh, by far, in school when I had to use one I wasn't used to. I'd be hunting around for the "sine" symbol. I'd find it, but then realize I have to hit another button at the same time to activate it. And to add to that, halfway through the quiz, I realized the calculator angle unit was set in radians instead of degrees, so my answers would be all wrong. As an aside, do you know how to swim or ride a bike? If so, then you know how important being familiar with an activity is. Calculator familiarity is no different. If you’re hoping to get the most out of your calculator, you must, must, must use one that you are used to. One that you've used for 20 hours or more, ideally. You have a vague muscle memory of where the keys are, what settings there are, and so forth. Remember this: the worst calculator is an unfamiliar calculator. A familiar scientific calculator is far better than an unfamiliar Ti-89. How do you gain familiarity with a calculator? Pick one you like, and then use it for tests, homework, and anything else. To the extent possible, when doing classwork, don't borrow other people's, don't use the class calculator. Gain familiarity with one calculator model. Tip 4: Know When to Put the Calculator Down Allen: Is there such thing as believing in the calculator too much? Putting too much faith in it? Fred: Oh, absolutely. Throughout my career, I've seen so many students who think that the right calculator will magically solve all their math problems.These students go through the trouble of firing up their Ti-84, navigating a slew of menus to find a high-powered cubic equation solver, slowly enter in the equation carefully, hit enter, and get a rounded answer like .588 that they have to convert back to 10/17. Allen: I've seen those in my day, and the kicker is that the math problem would take 2 minutes to do on the calculator, while if you just thought creatively about the problem, you'd get it in 15 seconds. Fred: For sure, calculator over-users suffer from typos on the calculator, and the conversion of rounded numbers to fractions. Beware of Using a Calculator When: You feel like you have to use a super-complicated program to solve it. You know the answer is a fraction like 5/13, but the calculator only outputs decimal equivalents. When you have to use a large number of key-presses or menu navigations to get to your answer. More key presses means more chances for mistakes. Our golden rule: If what you're trying to do with your graphing calculator is NOT doable on a scientific calculator, you are likely overusing your calculator. In fact, I would go so far as to say that you should really only be using the calculator to do combinations of the four basic functions,like (425+25)/3 - (42*4)/3. You Should Use Calculators: To improve the accuracy of 4-function calculations (but be careful what you type!). To speed up complex 4-function calculations (typing 3823 * 84 is much faster than doing it by hand). For minimal other uses. Bonus QA: What's Your Favorite Calculator for the SAT and Why? Fred: For sure, the Casio fx-300MS. I have so many reasons for loving this calculator (and they're not paying me to say this): It has an entry line, and we talked about how important this is. It's a relatively simple calculator, meaning all teachers will let you use it for exams that allow calculators, so you can get a lot of practice using this calculator. Since it's a simple calculator, you'll also never be tempted to boot up the cubic equation solver, which we discussed before is often less than optimal. The only drawback is that, if you find that there is some graphing calculator function you must use, and you've found it to be helpful, it won't be on this one. But I've personally never found such a "mandatory" graphing calculator function, at least not for the SAT. Allen: I like the Ti-89 the most. It's one of the most powerful calculators acceptable on the SAT. Why do I love it? It has much more functionality that most other calculators (and is more expensive as well). It gives you answers back in fraction and "rationalized" format: so if the answer is 10/17, it will give you that, instead of a decimal jumble like0.5882352 (which leaves you to match it up). I find the equation solver to be pretty helpful. Solving 3x+4y=6, 9x+2y=-10 is kind of a pain manually, and you can just type this in on the Ti-89. But typing it in correctly takes not much less effort that solving on paper, so I can go either way on this. It's definitely not a "mandatory feature." Key CalculatorActionables The most important lesson for calculator use, again, is to have a calculator at all. Secondly, it's key double-check all entries. Thirdly, you have to develop familiarity with the calculator. And finally, use it mainly for four functions, plus just a bit more. What does this mean you should do? Master one calculator. Bring a backup to the test, or at least backup batteries. What do we not recommend? Spending hours loading complicated programs into that Ti-84. Relying on using the advanced functions of each calculator. Obsessing over the calculator as the golden ticket to your 800. Now that you know these tips, go out and conquer the SAT Math section! What's Next? Not sure what score to aim for on the SAT? Read our guide to learnhow to figure out your target SAT score! Need more helpprepping for the SAT Math section?We're here to help! Check out our ultimate SAT Math guide for everything you need to know to ace this section of the SAT. Hoping for a top SAT Math score? Read our guide, written by a perfect scorer, on how to get an 800 on SAT Math. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Interview of Someone in the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interview of Someone in the Media - Essay Example Media was not a passion for Bob. He had in fact planned to be a doctor. During his final high school years however, he flanked some of the major subjects that made up his cluster to enter medical school in college. Surprisingly he is not sad about this anymore because he got to do journalism instead, and he likes it. Now, he is a 37 year old newspaper article writer. His articles mainly focus on current political issues, he analyses trends and predicts outcomes that may occur in relation to specific political changes. He is more of a critique than anything. He is required therefore, to base his articles more on disseminating facts from a personal point of view. The articles may range from focus on a specific politician, to general political policies. In his line of work he sometimes interviews political figures and offers critiques by other writers who do political based writings. When Bob is not writing articles he is dedicated to doing political research. Unlike his writing, his re search is international and pays focus to politics of foreign countries. He uses the findings from his research to contrast the situation back at home. He also volunteers to lecture on a few journalism courses in the local college. There are a number of things that Bob dislikes in his line of work Politics is a dirty game and by extension, politicians are dirty players. Journalism regulations require that a writer publish truths and facts and there are instances that he was pushed to not writing the truth. Another part of his job that is bitter sweet is when he is required to give his own two cents on a matter. Bob is keen to add that he does like giving his opinions which in most cases are very volatile but he is sometimes scared of the outcome. Much as he is committed to his work he hates the long hours he has to put in. Before he had kids he did not really mind but he is a family man and he believes that spending maximum, quality time with his children is important the sustainabi lity of their relationship. The best part of his job he says is the competition. In writing one has to be many steps ahead of his competitors or your columns will become irrelevant. You have to keep convincing your editor that your writing is worth a column or even a whole page by keeping readers hooked. Its all about who is getting the exclusive interview with what top notch political personality, who is giving the best and most quoted critique of the week. He is positive that if he had joined another career he would not have been as happy as he is now. He learns new things every single day of his life. He said and I quote â€Å"it’s like getting paid to have a fun†. His most interesting assignment was when he got to do an article on effects of early childhood on an adult’s character. It was interesting to him for various reasons. The first reason was because this was the first time he had done anything outside his comfort zone. Most of his work is based on pol itics and closely related issues. He claims that the thrill of doing something new was refreshing. The second reason he liked that particular job was because unlike politics getting information from the medical society was easier. All he needed were facts and testimonies from elite doctors who surprisingly were willing to meet him and offer all the information he needed despite their busy schedules. I however think that if Bob were to ask personal or controversial questions he wouldn’

Data Mining Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Mining - Assignment Example The more the business understands why some of its customers are loyal and how it can continue to retain and attract customers from different segments, the more the business will be able to come up with compelling offers and messages that are relevant. Predictive analytics results in an analytical framework which helps in the prediction of product preferences and customer buying habits required in the discovery of meaningful relationships and patterns in the customer data so as to accomplish better market targets and drive customer loyalty and value (Turkey, 1997). Association discovery can be employed in a business to determine the affinity patterns of its products. This information is important in optimizing the manner in which the business orders are picked and accumulated from their centers of distribution. The same information obtained through association discovery can be based on to generate dynamic rules which would permit business orders to be picked or accumulated taking into consideration the chances of another order that is identical occurring in a span of few days. The outcome of such an optimization is that decisions take less time thus substantially saving on the business costs (Agresti, 2002). Web mining allows the business to sift through information regarding the market situation so as to identify where the market value is. Such discoveries will help the business come up with new opportunities as the business with such information will have the ability to implement parallel processing systems and high performances as it is in a position to analyze large data in a very short time. The business can also make use of data mining to try out different business models to best understand the market situation and adapt to it. Such information also helps the business in making better predictions (Witten and Eibe, 2011). The clustering of information using data mining related to customers have served as important networks to business in the process of hand ling numerical market data. The market is normally the main target for any business when it comes to information clustering. This data mining technique helps the business segment potential customers on the basis of given sets of attributes. The technique also helps businesses to adapt the best operation methods through discovering market facts that are hidden giving the business an added advantage when it comes to its competitive position. The business will also be in a position to understand better what their customers really need and want. 2. Assess the reliability of the data mining algorithms. Decide if they can be trusted and predict the errors they are likely to produce Data mining algorithms is one of the main methods used in the exploration of linkages and relationships among sets of data. Such algorithms have been relied on by many businesses as they are believed to have the ability of reducing computational efforts and are in a position to deal with structural systemâ€⠄¢s failure mode. Despite data mining algorithms being viewed as being highly accurate and efficient in their operation, the algorithm has been associated with a number of identification, exploration and exploitation errors. Reliability is seen in the way any given data mining model operates on different sets of data. A model that is reliable is one which comes up with the same

Education Is Not the Key to Success Essay Example for Free

Education Is Not the Key to Success Essay

Touch: The Foundation of Infant Growth and Bonding Essay examples -- P

Touch: The Foundation of Infant Growth and Bonding A premature infant is defined by Whaley & Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children as "any infant born before completion of 37 weeks of gestation, regardless of birth weight." (Wong, p. 1999, p.392) Many premature infants are also considered high risk neonates because the major activities of life, including thermoregulation, respiration and digestion, cannot fully function at their time of birth. This poses a problem for both the health professionals and the parents of the infant. The health professionals must closely monitor this vulnerable infant and, in most situations, assist the infant in thermoregulation, respiration, and feeding while the cautious, nervous parents look on, concerned about their child’s progress. The parent or parents often feel removed from their child’s care as another adult cares for their child’s every need. Infant stimulation can be as subtle and slight as touch of the infant’s arm or as much as skin to skin contact th rough holding. Touch actively involves the parents in the their child’s care and has proven to be beneficial for improving the vulnerable, tiny infant’s condition. Parents, as well as medical professionals, should be encouraged to touch these vulnerable tiny infants as much as, if not more than, they would touch a full term infant. Despite their low birth weight, tiny size and vulnerable condition, these infants should be held, caressed and cuddled with as often as possible. The experience of birth for a mother of a premature infant varies drastically from the birth of a normal full term infant because of the lack of infant stimulation or even sight of her newly born child. Peggy, a mother of newly born premature infant states "... ...tion and interaction, medical professionals need to calm the parents and encourage interaction with their child. What better way is there for interaction than touch? References Manginello M.D., Frank P., & Foy DiGeronimo M.D., Theresa. (1991). Your Premature Baby New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Gorski M.D., Peter, & Huntington Ph.D., Lee & Lewkowicz Ph.D., David J. (1987). Handling Preterm Infants in Hospitals: Stimulating Controversy about Timing Stimulation. In Infant Stimulation For Whom, What Kind, When and How Much? (pp. 43-51) (no place of publication): Johnson & Johnson Baby Products. Co. Wong, Donna L. (1999). Whaley and Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc. Ludington-Hoe Ph.D., Susan M., & Golant, Susan K. (1993). Kangaroo Care: The Best You Can Do to Help Your Preterm Infant. New York: Bantam Books, Inc.

Band of Brothers by Stephen Ambrose

This book report is written in fulfillment of the requirements for (class subject e. g. Hist. 108) under Professor (professor’s name). Band of Brothers is a novel based on the events of World War II, emphasizing more on the lives of the soldiers, particularly the paratroopers of Easy company, 506 regiment of the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army. Paratroopers are trained soldiers launched into battle by parachute into areas inaccessible by aerial bombing.Written by Stephen Ambrose and published by Simon and Schuster in 2001, Band of Brothers, has been an all time best seller which was made into a mini series by HBO in association with Dreamworks, edited by Billy Fox and directed by Phil Alden Robinson. Life in the military has always been a fascination of many young men. All the amazing weapons and gears that they use in battle, the handsome uniforms, not to mention the recognition and accolade that one can receive sounds like a promising career. A priceless ho nor which brings pride that lasts beyond your lifetime.If one decides to pursue a career in the armed forces, one must be ready to make all the adjustments and face the challenges, not only that of a rigorous training, but a life in the battle field. A soldier’s life, activity and relationships literally changes the moment training commences. The armed forces is a stratified society full of rigidity. A soldier has to understand the hierarchy and chain of command and must learn to obey first before complaining (not that one is allowed to complain). The inability to perform a particular duty, due to whatever reason, is inexcusable, therefore punishable. A soldier’s life is full of misconceptions.Civilians mostly view them as fortunate individuals who enjoy a lot of privileges both from the government and the private sector. Stephen Ambrose used a lot of characters to portray the lives of soldiers in Easy company. Captain Herbert M. Sobel was the commanding officer of Eas y company in the 2nd battalion 506th parachute infantry regiment of the 101st airborne division. He was very strict and usually rude, squeezing the energy of his soldiers during training. He doesn’t tolerate anything that he feels like not tolerating to the point of just simply finding errors on his soldiers just for the heck of it.Although disliked by most of his soldiers, his attitude towards training and his ways of implementing training schedule and activities helped in the honing of his soldiers’ skills and intelligence. In the mini series, David Schwimmer played the role of Captain Sobel. Lt. Richard D. Winters, played by actor Damian Lewis, was the second in command of Captain Sobel. Lt. Winters outdo Captain Sobel in the field. Although a Jew, he was respected and well-liked by the soldiers. Scott Grimes played the role of technical sergeant Donald Malarkey who was refused admission to the Marines due to dental issues.He also tried Army Air Corps, but due to ma th requirements, still he was not admitted. He only became a member of E company (Easy company) when he volunteered to be a part of the paratroops of the United States Army. He was awarded the Bronze star medal for his participation on D-Day’s Brecourt Manor Assault in Normandy. Captain Ronald Speirs was initially company D’s (Dog company) platoon leader. During the end of the Battle of the Bulge in Bastogne, Captain Speirs was reassigned to command Easy company. 2nd Lt. Clifford Carwood Lipton a. k. a Lip, joined E company in 1942.From Private he was promoted to company first sergeant, then to second lieutenant. Band of Brothers is a historical documentary novel telling the story of the lives and experiences of airborne soldiers during World War II. 1942 marked the year when the United States Army Airborne Division formed the second battalion of the 506th parachute infantry regiment in Toccoa, Georgia (Ambrose 2001). The story began in Toccoa, Georgia when the U. S. a rmy is preparing for battle against the Germans. Under the command and rigid training of Captain Herbert M.Sobel, the soldiers of E company endured rigorous and severe training. Their company was known to be the best in the regiment and Captain Sobel prided himself on that; and because of their reputation, they were always given the toughest assignments. E company trained for ninety days which included lectures, physical exercises, obstacle courses and field simulations after which, they were deployed to England on board a ship in preparation for the invasion of Hitler’s Third Reich. Their task is to penetrate enemy lines and subjugate German Artillery.On June 6, 1944 in Normandy, the soldiers had their first jump which did not go as planned. Due to heavy firing on the ground, planes carrying the paratroopers flew at high speeds with only a short distance from the ground (Ambrose 2001). One of the planes got hit, went on fire and crash to the ground. Nevertheless, the troop w as able to arrive at Carentan, gained control of the area then they flew back to Aldbourne. On September 17, 1944, the troops made their second jump in Holland which was executed perfectly. After completing their mission in the area, they also fought in the Battle of the Bulge.The paratroopers arrived in Germany on the second day of April, 1945 where the enemies finally surrendered. They celebrated their victory in Austria where they drank alcohol and took a lot of things from the Germans like jewelry and lugers. When the war was over, they parted ways and took different paths. As often as possible, a reunion is made in New Orleans where they all could catch up while remembering the years they spent at war. My impression on the book is positive. Stephen Ambrose was able to make World War II a more relatable event to ordinary people.He was able to show two perspectives of the story – officers’ point of view and the soldiers’ point of view. The story was able to s how that an army officer is not perfect. He might be very good at one thing, but he still has his flaws, like Captain Sobel who was very good at training men but performs poorly on the field. Soldiers are also human beings who feel fear, stress, anxiety and bleeds inside out; but the important thing is ones ability to endure whatever hardships that one has to face in carrying out his duty to the country and the people. They are always together and yet, they feel alone in the battle field.War means death, and these men had to psyche themselves up to be ready in all aspects – physically, emotionally, spiritually and mentally. Focusing on one particular battalion like Easy company, the author was able to present the lives of soldiers in the battlefield. Their ‘humanness’ were more felt and their bond as brothers in their cause was strongly established. However, Ambrose’s exposure of their ‘humanness’ can be a downside as this could lead to debate s and issues regarding the deployment of soldiers to war in support of allied nations under fire.But then again, the personal approach employed by Ambrose in writing the story made the events of World War II more relevant in the lives of people. Band of Brothers enabled us to understand, at a deeper level, the struggles and hardships that soldiers face. True, recognitions and accolades are given, but such can only be enjoyed by them if they are lucky to be alive. Bibliography Stephen Ambrose (2008). â€Å"Band of Brothers. † 123 Helpme. com. 04 January 2006. 05 January 2008. . Stephen E. Ambrose (2001). â€Å"Band of Brothers. † Simon and Schuters. ISBN: 0743216385 Band of Brothers by Stephen Ambrose Airborne Division of the United States Army was formed in Toccoa, Georgia. They were trained under Capt. Sorbel.. Members of the battalion voluntered for the job for the money, thrill, honor and to be the best among the ordinary infantry men. Because the Band of Brothers was narrated from the points of view of the soldiers of Company E or the Easy Company, the story is unique for the narration was so vivid that a reader would feel that he is there fighting with the band of brothers. Because of the physical requirements during the training only few made it to their graduation day.Here the story is significant for a soldier because the story is about the everyday life of a soldier in the boot camp and in the field—not a story about generals and admirals usually made by most movie companies. It tells a soldier that even how much he has suffered while training it doesn’t guarantee that he would survive in war. From Toccoa the company was sent to Fort Benning for their jumpi ng course. Their earlier training at the boot camp hardened them physically that they even outlasted the physical fitness trainers at the fort.This is the reality about soldiery. There are soldiers who are better than the trainers themselves. After only five jumps, ironically they were made as parachutists, and after nine months of training were sent to England on board a transport ship to prepare themselves for the invasion against the Third Reich of Hitler. The writer narrates the daily regimen of the company while in training in England. The narration was from the points of view from both the officers and men of the Easy Company.Both the movie and the book depict the confusion, heroism and struggle during the time the company jumped into the countryside where they were separated from each other. Many landed on buildings, trees, farm houses, fences, carts, houses, rafters and in the middle of enemies since they jumped behind enemy lines at dawn. There was chaos all around but many maintain their composure as hardened soldiers of Easy Company. Their job was to silence the German artillery and neutralize the enemy soldiers guarding the guns. They effectively put their hard training into practice.The highlight of the Band of Brothers is how Lt. Richard Winters achieved the mission. The book narrates: â€Å" By this time, about 0700, E company consisted of two light machine guns, one bazooka (no ammunition), one 60 mm†¦. † But with less than 100 men from the original 139 jumpers, Lt. Winters’s men were able to accomplish the mission. The mission was done without heroic deeds of a few. They fought as a team and with the right maneuvers attacked the German platoon guarding the battery emplacement. This is also about the best aspect on soldiery.As a soldier, you have also to protect not your life but also your brothers in arms. In this kind of situation, a soldier usually has to consider that everyone in his group as his brother. Why? Because the y shed blood and tears together or suffer pain together. They are blood brothers, so to speak. The book quotes one of the men: â€Å" We fought as a team†¦we were like machine†¦We knocked it out or made it withdraw by maneuver and teamwork†¦We were smart†¦we had learned that heroics was the way to get killed without getting the job done†¦.† Easy Company continued to fight in Normandy until it was pulled out and deployed to Utah beach. They were about 139 when they exited from the plane’s door. And ended the battle with only 79 remaining men. In the movie, you can feel the struggle of private Albert Blithe. He has to overcome fear, as every soldier has experienced fear. Winters, on his part, has suffered anguish after he shot a German teenage soldier. The company jumped into Holland under Operation: Market Garden and fought until November 1944.The company also heroically defended Bastogne almost to the last man. . In the movie, the German Army s ent couriers to relay offer the message of the German commander of Bastogne for them to surrender or perish. Winters made a succinct reply: â€Å"Nuts. † They held their trenches until reinforcements arrived. Then the men of Company E fought in the famous Battle of the Bulge, which marked the defeat of the German Panzer division. Winters’ men continued fighting and were the first to occupy Hitler’s mountain retreat known as the Eagle’s Nest.From Austria the battalion was redeployed to a town near Paris and on November 30, 1945, the 101st Airborne Battalion was deactivated. What’s the significance of the story to a plain infantry man? I can say that the Band of Brothers is one of the few stories written from the testimonies of actual combatants without fanfare or garnishment for use in movies. The book tells the story of leadership amid blood, guts and tears and about overcoming fear by soldiers and officers alike. It tells the credo of an American general who says â€Å" The more you sweat in peace and less you bleed in war. † But many die in war.

Theory of Management in Health Care

The essentials of management, by far, are not historically new. One can imagine the management that was needed to build the Egyptian pyramids or the Greek Parthenon. The requirement was to have people work efficiently together toward a successful common end. However, with the rise of industrialization and now with the rapid speed of change and technological advancements, effective management is needed more than ever. Healthcare, which is having such a significant impact on today's society and also undergoing many transitions in a short period of time, is a prime example of an industry that requires the best management possible. Peter Drucker, an economist and journalist, is regarded as the founding father of the study of management by experts in the worlds of business and academia. According to Drucker (2001, pg. 10), management is based on several essential principles: 1) Management concerns first and foremost human beings, who must be made capable of joint performance, their strengths effective and weaknesses irrelevant; 2) Management is thoroughly a part of individual cultures and is variable; 3) Each organization must have a commitment to common goals and unifying objectives that are set my management; 4) Management must find ways of encouraging growth and development of the organization and its members as opportunities change; 5) Within every organization are individuals with different skills and knowledge accomplishing different types of work. This necessitates effective communications as well as each person assuming responsibility for setting individual goals, making those goals known, and working with others to accomplish them; 6) Management is measured on such factors as innovation, market share, quality and people development, not by the bottom line or output quantity; and 7) Most important, results exist only on the outside with a satisfied patient, client or customer. In the early 1960s Drucker read Abraham H. Maslow's theory of management, which is based on the belief that each person has specific needs. He â€Å"became an immediate convert† (Drucker, 1999a, p. 17). Essentially, this means that different groups of employees have to be managed differently, and that the same group of workers has to be managed differently at different times (pg. 21). However, stressed Drucker, â€Å"one does not ‘manage' people. The task is to lead people. And the goal is to make productive the specific strengths and knowledge of each individual (pg. 21-22). In these days of global competition, such a leadership style is essential to point individuals in the most productive directions. One also has to prepare for continual change. In the past, management commitments for the future were based on the question, â€Å"What is most likely happen?† Now, it is necessary to plan for uncertainty by asking â€Å"What has already happened that will create the future?† (Drucker, 1995, pg. 40). All organizations, especially ones in the healthcare field, have to look at such factors as demographic trends; changes in industry, market structure, values, science and technology already in place but yet to have full impact; and trends in the economy and structure of society. They must then convert these â€Å"what is most likely to happen† into opportunities for the organization based on its strengths and competence. Further, it must develop the knowledge and people to be able to respond to these opportunities. Global society is in the midst of a major transformation, where knowledge is the primary resource if, and only if, it is integrated into a task. For managers, this dynamics of knowledge requires building change into the organizational structure. The organization must commit itself to continually creating something new (Drucker, 1995, pg. 79). As a result, management must emphasize continuous improvement or kaizen, exploit its knowledge to develop the next generation of applications from its successes and learn to innovate in a systematic process. This means that organizations must continually make changes. This may even lead to closing down a hospital when changes in medical knowledge, technology and practice make a hospital with less than 200 beds uneconomical and unable to provide excellent care (pg. 81). The organizations of the future must also routinely say, â€Å"People are our greatest asset,† and loyalty is gained through offering employees exceptional opportunities for putting their knowledge to work. Ironically, however, knowledge about the knowledge worker productivity is minimal. For example, a fair-sized U.S. hospital of 400 beds has several hundred physicians and a staff up to 1,500 paramedics divided among 60 specialties, with specialized equipment and labs. â€Å"But we do not yet know how to get productivity out of them† (Drucker, 1992, pg. 336) What is known, Drucker says in Management Challenge for the 21st Century (1999b, pg. 142), are the six major demands that underlie this productivity: 1) need to ask, â€Å"what is the task?†; 2) individuals assume responsibility for themselves; 3) continuing innovation; 4) continuous learning and teaching; 5) quality over quantity; and 6) individuals recognized as an asset. Making knowledge workers productive necessitates changes in basic attitude of the entire organization. Knowledge-worker productivity is the largest of the 21st century management challenges. In the developed countries, it is their first survival requirement (Drucker, 1999b, pg. 157). One of the biggest changes is that workers will have to manage themselves and place themselves in the location where they can make the greatest impact. They will have to learn how to develop themselves and continuously better themselves. They will have to ask themselves: â€Å"What are my strengths?†; â€Å"Where do I belong?†; â€Å"What is my contribution?†; â€Å"Where can I take relationship responsibility?†; and â€Å"How can I plan for the second half of my life?† The lesson, concludes Drucker (1998, pg. 187) is that productivity of knowledge has both a qualitative and quantitative dimension. Managers (actually executives is a better word, he says) must manage both specialists and synthesizes of the different fields of knowledge. The healthcare industry will be significantly involved in all these changes if they are not already. In an online article â€Å"The Next Information Revolution,† Drucker said of healthcare: â€Å"In healthcare a similar conceptual shift is likely to lead from healthcare being defined as the fight against disease to being defined as the maintenance of physical and mental functioning.† The battle against illness remains an essential aspect of healthcare. However, it is rather a subsection of it. The traditional healthcare providers nor the hospitals and general practice physicians may survive this change, and definitely not in their present structure and function. In healthcare, the stress will therefore transition from the â€Å"T† in IT to the â€Å"I,† as it is transitioning in business and in the general economy. Is it possible that the information people in MIS and IT prepared for such changes? He sees no sign of this so far. The 21st century is heralding in a huge transition the healthcare focus (Drucker, 1999b) While the country spent most of the prior century managing disease, it will now spend time emphasizing life extension, or maximizing the length and quality of life. The key is having a work force of nurses and allied health professionals who are educated and skilled as a chronic care coach. It is a step that goes beyond case management since it involves most patients instead of those just with the most complicated cases and situations. Overall, it will involve a major redefinition of healthcare.

Causes and Solutions of Car Accidents

Causes and Solutions of Car Accidents Introduction Car accidents are unexpected events that occur to motor vehicles causing damage of the vehicles, structures, fatalities and even death of the people in the vehicles. According to a research done by the United Nations, the rate of growth of accidents in the world continue to increase with over two million deaths and thirty million injuries reported annually.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Causes and Solutions of Car Accidents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The studies revealed that over seventy percent of the deaths that resulted from road accidents occurred in developing countries. These imply that automobile accidents are a major problem in developing counties stretching from regions of pacific Asia to many parts of Sub Sahara Africa which contribute to over fifty percent of these accidents. The numbers of vehicles continue increasing every year and governments are responding by constructing modern roads that can facilitate smooth transportation of goods and people so as to realize economic growth and reduce accidents which are increasing dramatically. In fact, car accident are ranked second to the major killer disease AIDS in terms of causing deaths and lose of property and resources. As a result, government policies to increase economic empowerment among the people are destructed by car accidents. Types of car accidents There are different classifications of road accidents depending on where the damage has been done on your vehicle. When a car hits another and there are minor damages on the vehicle, the accident is referred to as a rear impact car accident. An example of such an accident is when a vehicle hits another from the back due to failure of the brakes. When a car hits another for the side, the type of accident is referred to as side impact accident. It usually occurs when a vehicle enters another vehicles lane as a result of an abrupt stop and thereby skidding at a right angle. According to Abdelane (20), in the United States, more than a third of the accidents in the US are side impact accidents. When a vehicle hits another car or object in front it is said to have undergone head on collision. This type of accident not only happens to cars but also trains. This type of accident is commonly encountered by drunk drivers and those drivers who dose while driving. This type of accident is most likely to occur when a car enters a road from a wrong direction. When a car is involved in an accident and it turns in a manner that it lays on its side or roof, it is said to have had a roll over accident. This type of accident normally happens to tall tracks (Obenski, 3). Causes of car accidents There are several factors that cause road accidents which comprise the following: majority of the accidents occur due the rise in the number of road users who don’t obey traffic rules, drivers who drive their cars carelessly and disobedience of the rules of traffic; the nature of the roads is also a major cause of road accidents.Advertising Looking for report on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The nature of infrastructure, construction of bridges which do not meet safety standards leading to defects on the road like potholes; improper maintenance of motor vehicles by the owners have caused many accidents. Some of the accidents that arise due to poor maintenance are due to failure of the breaks, improper alignment of the wheels thereby causing bursting, mechanical problems associated with the wheel, and failure of the headlights (Abdelane, 54). Bad weather also contributes to the rise in the motor vehicle accidents. On a misty day, visibility on the road can be very bad. Cars on the road may end up colliding due to the failure of the drivers to notice vehicles in the front or back due to poor weather conditions. Other conditions of the weather that can lead to accid ents growth is the presence of unexpected floods and ice on the roads. These factors may make drivers notice their opponents late hence leading to collisions. Drivers may at times encounter distractions on the road as they drive, which may be within or outside the car. Some of the incidents arising from this error are when the attention of the driver is focused on a phone or a mirror or an interesting event outside the car while the car is in motion. It therefore follows that, anything causing the driver to concentrate outside the road is dangerous to the safety of the vehicle. Sometimes, the designers of the roads may do a shoddy job in designing the road. This could be due to poor placements of the traffic controls like inappropriate placements of the traffic signs so that the view of the incoming traffic is blocked at risky corners of busy roads. In most cases, accidents arising from poor design are compensated by the government implying that both the owners of the vehicles and t he State share the losses (Livneh, 99). Solutions to car accidents Brumitt (66) argued out that several measures can be adopted to ensure that there is reduction in the number of accidents. A lot of these measures have to do with government involvement in designing policies that guide road users but individual people must also take collective responsibility to avoid traffic offences. Governments should establish bodies that oversee the overall implementation of set up policies like the National Road Safety Committee. The responsibility of the committee should target the following areas of concern: pile up pressure on all government departments and ministries to ensure that they give out guidelines that aim to minimize car accidents. The committee should ensure that the lives of people are protected as well as protection of property from any losses arising from road accidents. Another effective control measure that can be taken to ensure that road accidents are reduced drastically is by keeping an accurate data base of the accidents and their causes so that it can be used to devise means of minimizing them. The records of the accident data system should be exact and consistent with assistance from established data collection systems.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Causes and Solutions of Car Accidents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By incorporating safety control measures in the school curriculum in the primary school level, a great deal will be reached in instilling safety measures to the younger generation so that they can acquire discipline of road safety measures right from initial stages of their lives to adulthood. The authorities should ensure that only drivers who have been trained and certified drive on the road. In addition the authorities should ensure that people caught disobeying traffic rules are seriously punished by the law so as to instill discipline among the people (Brumi tt, 122). Conclusion Finally, in order to attain excellent safety measures that will reduce accidents significantly, the government has to commit itself to provide funding to road safety, the private sector has to commit itself to offering technical assistance and people have to commit themselves to the safety measures. Abdelane,Evans. Braking Deceleration of Motorcycle Riders: International Motorcycle Safety Conference. Oxford: Oxford University, March 1- 4, 2001. Brumitt, Meyers. â€Å"The Accident Reconstruction Network.† (2007). https://www.smartmotorist.com/what-causes-car-accidents Livneh, Ceder. Relationships between road accidents and hourly traffic flow: Accident Analysis and Prevention. New Yolk: February 22, 2008. Obenski, Kuyt. â€Å"National Transportation Safety Board.† (2006). Web.Advertising Looking for report on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source Evaluation Report Road accidents are becoming a major disaster in the world. According to Abdelane of Oxford University, â€Å"over one million people die and approximately thirty million get injuries as a result of road accidents in the world.† He also adds that â€Å"road accidents are identified as the second major killer of the human population after AIDS.† Brumitt a research analyst at Bristol University, conducted a research and found out that road accidents are caused by road users who don’t obey traffic rules, poor infrastructure of the roads and defects on the vehicles such as break failure and tire bursts. According to Obenski of the National Transportation Safety Board, several factors cause road accidents and there is no particular sequence: it can be due to over speeding, lack of attention, cell phones and other distracters, ignorance, lack of proper training and poor maintenance of the vehicles. Livneh and his colleagues analyzed solutions o f road accidents and suggested that â€Å"the effective solutions require the coordinated efforts of governments, international organizations and agencies, local authorities and good citizenship.† â€Å"Road accidents are unavoidable† says Livneh. â€Å"But risks of road accidents can be reduced by simple precautions and thinking ahead.†

Bio of Henry Kissinger, Diplomat and Intellectual

Bio of Henry Kissinger, Diplomat and Intellectual Henry A. Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger) is a scholar, public intellectual and the worlds foremost- and one of the more controversial- statesmen and diplomats. He served on the administrations of two U.S. presidents, most notably Richard M Nixons, and advised several others, including John F. Kennedy and George W. Bush. Kissinger shared the 1973 Nobel Prize for Peace for his efforts to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War. Fast Facts: Henry Kissinger Also Known As: Heinz Alfred KissingerKnown For: Secretary of the U.S. Department of State, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs  Born: May 27, 1923, in Fuerth, GermanyParents: Louis and Paula (Stern) KissingerSpouse: Ann Fleischer  (divorced); Nancy MaginnesChildren: Elizabeth and DavidEducation: Harvard College, B.A.; Harvard University, M.A. and Ph.D.Published Works: Diplomacy, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, The White House YearsKey Accomplishments: Winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Peace for his efforts to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War, the 1977 Presidential Medal of Freedom and the 1986 Medal of LibertyFamous Quote: â€Å"Corrupt politicians make the other ten percent look bad.†Ã‚  Fun Fact: Kissinger became an unlikely sex symbol and was known as a flirt, of sorts, in President Richard Nixons administration; he once noted: Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac. Fled Nazi German, Drafted by U.S. Military Kissinger was born on May 27, 1923, to Louis and Paula (Stern) Kissinger, Jews living in Nazi Germany. The family fled the country in 1938 amid state sanctioned anti-Semitism, just before the burning of Jewish synagogues, homes, schools and businesses in a deadly event that became known as Kristallnacht. The Kissingers, now refugees, settled in New York. Heinz Kissinger, a teenager at the time, worked in a factory making shaving brushes to support his poor family while also attending George Washington High School at night. He changed his name to Henry and became a U.S. citizen five years later, in 1943. He later enrolled in the City College of New York in hopes of becoming an accountant, but at age 19 he received a draft notice from the U.S. Army. He reported for basic training in February 1943 and eventually began work in counterintelligence with the Army Counter Intelligence Corps, where he served until 1946. A year later, in 1947, Kissinger enrolled at Harvard College. He graduated with his B.A. in political science in 1950, and went on to earn a masters degree from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in 1954. He accepted positions in the prestigious Ivy League universitys Department of Government and its Center for International Affairs from 1954 to 1969. Marriage and Personal Life Kissingers first marriage was to Ann Fleischer, whom he had dated in high school and remained in touch with while he was in the Army. The marriage took place on February 6, 1949, while Kissinger was studying at Harvard College. The couple had two children, Elizabeth and David, and divorced in 1964. A decade later, on March 30, 1974, Kissinger married Nancy Sharon Maginnes, a philanthropist and former foreign policy staffer to Nelson A. Rockefellers Commission on Critical Choices for Americans. Career in Politics Kissingers professional career in politics began with Rockefeller during the early part of the wealthy Republicans tenure as governor of New York in the 1960s. Kissinger served as Rockefellers foreign policy adviser until he was tapped by Republican President Richard M. Nixon to be his national security adviser. Kissinger served in that capacity from January 1969 until early November 1975, simultaneously serving as secretary of the Department of State beginning in September 1973. Kissinger remained in the White House administration after Nixon resigned amid the Watergate scandal and Vice President Gerald Ford took over the presidency. Master of Practical Politics Kissingers legacy is as a master practitioner of realpolitik, a term used to mean the practical realities of politics, or a philosophy that is rooted in a nations strength instead of morality and world opinion. Among Kissingers most important diplomatic accomplishments are: The easing of tensions between two nuclear superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, during the  Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s. This cooldown was known as a â€Å"dà ©tente.† Kissinger and Nixon used the strategy to de-escalate the showdown between the countries, in turn winning arms reduction treaties. Kissinger is widely credited with easing Cold War tensions and preventing a third world war.Ending more than two decades of diplomatic estrangement between the United States and China leading to a 1972 meeting of Nixon and Mao Zedong, the infamous founder of the communist Peoples Republic of China. Kissinger had begun secret negotiations with Maos government in 1971 under the belief that the United States would benefit from a friendly relationship, further illustration of Kissingers belief in realpolitik, or practical politics.The Paris Peace Accords, signed in 1973 following secret negotiations between Kissinger and North Vietnamese politburo member Le Duc Tho. The accords were meant to end the Vietnam War and did, in fact, lead to a temporary ceasefire and the end of U.S. involvement. Le Duc Tho had become increasingly concerned that his nation could become isolated if Kissingers and Nixons policy of dà ©tente built relations between the United States and its allies, the Soviet Union and China.   Kissingers shuttle diplomacy in 1974 during the Yom Kippur war among Israel, Egypt, and Syria, which resulted in disengagement agreements between the countries. Criticism of Kissinger Kissingers methods, particularly his apparent support of military dictatorships in South America, were not without criticism, however. The late public intellectual Christopher Hitchens called for Kissinger’s prosecution for war crimes, for crimes against humanity, and for offenses against common or customary or international law, including conspiracy to commit murder, kidnap, and torture.† The allegations of war crimes are rooted in Kissingers positioning of American foreign policy toward Argentina during its Dirty War. The countrys military forces secretly abducted, tortured and killed an estimated 30,000 people in the name of rooting out terrorism. Kissinger, the national security adviser and secretary of state, recommended the U.S. support the military by sending the country tens of millions of dollars and selling it aircraft. Records declassified decades later show Kissinger approved of the Dirty War, urging the Argentinian military to act swiftly less U.S. lawmakers get involved. Washington, Kissinger said, would not cause the dictatorship unnecessary difficulties. Sources Henry Kissinger – Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. Sat. 24 Nov 2018.  Henry A. (Heinz Alfred) Kissinger.  U.S. Department of State. Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.  Academy of Achievement.Henry A. Kissinger as Negotiator: Background and Key Accomplishments. Harvard Business School. James K. Sebenius, L. Alexander Green and Eugene B. Kogan. Nov. 24, 2014.

Interview a supervisor or manger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Interview a supervisor or manger - Essay Example Budgeting is an important tool to run a business operation effectively. Proper planning and analysis is necessary before preparing a budget. According to my experience, a budget should be realistic; the capital you need to raise and the revenue you expect should all be included. 3. What methods have you developed to improve operational efficiency? Operational efficiency can be improved in many ways. We provide employees with â€Å"constant access to information† (10 Tips 2013). A secure and reliable infrastructure is maintained for network facilities. 4. Can you recall any problem among the employees that you recently solved and how you have done it? One problem that I recently came across is that of work distribution. Experienced workers expect a better position in the enterprise and provide satisfactory output, whereas less experienced workers provide lower outputs. This was solved by recruiting employees according to their experience level for each particular task. 5. How d o you go about delegation of tasks and ensuring that it is successfully completed? In delegation of a task and ensuring it’s successful completion, first step is to choose the right employee for the task. Before delegating a task, we make sure that he/she completely understands the task and can independently perform it. Delegation of a task should necessarily be followed with giving the authority to take control upon the task. 6. While assigning a task, can you describe how you demonstrated confidence in that employee? As I stated earlier, giving the employee complete control over the work delegated provides the necessary motivation to carry out the task effectively. 7. Have you motivated your employees by giving incentives and rewards? Incentives and rewards are frequently used to motivate employees for achieving certain criteria in the tasks assigned. For example, incentives are given for ensuring high quality of work, for providing good leadership in group work, etc†¦ . 8. Can you describe an occasion when the need to motivate a member of your Staff has risen? The need to motivate Staff arises on different occasions. Under-performance, un-becoming behavior in the work place, non-compliance with the rules, procedures and policies of the organization, etc., are to name a few such occasions. 9. When do you provide training to the staff? Firstly, induction and orientation training is imparted to new employees. Training is also provided at several other stages. For instance, when performance needs to be improved, when employees need to be made aware of any changes and new developments, etc training is provided. 10. What do you think to be most challenging in being a Manager? As a Manager I would say the most challenging work is management itself. This is challenging management is totally different from the work of an individual performer. Managing others and coordinating them to achieve a common goal is a difficult task. The success of this coordinati on is in the hands of an effective and knowledgeable Manager. Discussion of the Interview: From this interview, I learnt that performance evaluation may be utilized efficiently to recognize, develop, reward, redirect and document the functioning of the employees. The four steps used to evaluate the employee performance are collect and select, describe and document, develop and review and conduct and summarize. Collect and select the data desirable to impact workers’