Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Writing survey - Essay Example Advertisers are offering chances to modify the items. Individuals want to be interesting. They seek after self-uniqueness in trademark ways. The factors related with urgent purchasing will in general be limited to promoting factors identified with broad communications like publicizing substance and TV seeing, socio-natural factors like family and friend impacts, and individual attributes identified with character characteristics and socioeconomics (Park and Burns, 2005). Today customer purchasing is more design related. Enthusiastic purchasers are probably going to be aware of what they look like and appear to other people. Visa use has been seen as a compelling component in impulsive purchasing. Significant level of rash purchasing is additionally a type of enthusiastic purchasing. Shoham and Brencic (2003) battle that the higher the spontaneous buys, the higher the impulsive buy propensity. The higher the propensity to pay things off their item list, the higher is the enthusiastic buy inclination. Habitual purchasing is impacted by segment and conduct components. This assists with understanding the elements of purchaser conduct. Looking for some is an alleviation from stress and weights of regular daily existence. Engaging in the whole procedure of purchasing assists with mitigating the customer from the unhappiness and uninteresting of life. Kwak, Zinkhan and Roushanzamir (2004) fight that urgent purchasing must incorporate two measures †conduct must be dreary and conduct must be risky for the person. Accordingly enthusiastic purchasing is a ceaseless dull buying that turns into an essential reaction to negative sentiments. At first individuals feel glad yet in the long run understand the destructive outcomes when they can't stop. This is line with Gutman and Mills 1982 style arranged measurements which recommends that ‘fashion leaders’ and ‘fashion independents’ portray themselves as various and sticking out (Lynn and Harris, 1997). Such habitual purchasers will shop at departmental and strength

Much Ado about Nothing Act 2 analysis Essay Example For Students

A pointless furor about a pointless subject Act 2 examination Essay A fundamentally nonsensical uproar is a play about affection, connections, truth and fantasy, reality and camouflage, dishonesty, misdirection, male respect and female temperance, and villainy. This play set in Messina, Sicily and is based around about the differentiating connections of two couples the clever and flighty couple of Benedick and Beatrice, who are portrayed by Don Pedro, the ruler, as battling the cheerful war and the customary sentimental couple of Hero, little girl of the legislative head of Messina and Claudio, saint of the ongoing triumphant war. Benedick was man who never could decode love, would never exhibit any slight trace of compassion towards it, taunted and despised at individuals who had confidence in it, and felt hed rather remain a lone ranger for his entire life, than wed. He thought of ladies as unfaithful and traitorous, and would never confide in a woman. He was a wise speaker and wanted to scorn, counterfeit and bother others, particularly Beatrice. Beatrice as well, similar to Benedick had comparable perspectives on marriage and accepted that no man was ideal enough to be her significant other. She had a harsh tone and wanted to fight with Benedick. Little did them two realize that behind every one of those reviling and joke was a brief look at affection. Claudio and Hero are an enthusiastic and hopeful couple who are frantically infatuated with one another and show massive warmth toward one another. In the midst of every one of these connections, is Don John the charlatan (ill-conceived child), a sharp and melancholy character, who is continually hoping to draw in with inconvenience and hoping to make mayhem and disturbance exactly when everything appears to be fine. A lot of excitement about something that is not important is likewise about misleading and dream mixed capably with truth and reality. Act 2, of this play is a fine case of these subjects deceit, double dealing and hallucination. One of the main instances of double dealing happens in the principal scene itself, in the strange covered ball, when Beatrice see through the hid face of Benedick, and makes the most of the brilliant chance to make the same number of cleverly annoying and derisively ridiculing remarks at that Signor Benedick, the sovereigns buffoon a dull idiot, whose solitary blessing is in conceiving outlandish defamations. These words stung Benedick like a needle and defaced his own notoriety which was critical to him. Benedick, who was unconscious that Beatrice recognized him through his deception, was living in a bogus impression. Offended by Beatrices vituperative comments, which he didn't know were said flippantly, he felt mortified, and disgraced to be known as a numb-skull. His contempt for Beatrice went past creative mind, and he was furious at her volley of words. He detested like being disrespected and embarrassed. In the equivalent veiled ball itself it was Don John who gave Claudio the shocking and awful news that Don Pedro, the ruler has become hopelessly enamored with Hero, and that the sovereign is wed her the very night itself. Claudio again in a misunderstanding, was destroyed with this disastrous and lamentable news. He asserted that kinship was significant in each part of life, aside from in the undertakings of affection. He said that all hearts in affection, are blinded and thusly, no operator can be trusted as magnificence is a witch, against whose charms, confidence softens into blood. Claudio was a broken man, crushed and troubled at the way that his darling Hero was not his any more, while Don John got a rush out of the falling impact his own craftsmanship. Another model for the subject of deceit, is a lot later when Benedick, recuperated from his disdain towards Beatrice. Benedick was shrewdly taking cover behind the arbor, when they eyes of Don Pedro look over him. Wear Pedro who had made his expectations understood of setting up Benedick and Beatrice needed to impact Benedick. .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 , .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 .postImageUrl , .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 , .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3:hover , .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3:visited , .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3:active { border:0!important; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3:active , .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u48347ee4499 80a1722a3c4f607983de3 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u48347ee449980a1722a3c4f607983de3:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of TV's Mad Men EssayDon Pedro, joined by Leonato, Heros father and Claudio ( who currently realized that Don Pedro didn't sell out him), together, started speaking noisily about how Beatrice was seriously love with Benedick. They said Beatrice cherished Benedick with rankled friendship and that she promised to never make her affection for him known. Every one of them three were brimming with acclaim for Beatrice, a lot to the consternation of Benedick. They asserted she was a great sweet woman and out of doubt, ethical, exceedingly astute and excellent. On account of Benedick, notwithstanding, they were especially hindering and basic. They said Benedick didn't merit such a sweet woman and, that Beatrice was way out of Benedicks association. They asserted he was apprehensive, and managed squabbles with a christianlike dread. They went about how Benedick would taunt her and disparage her feelings, in the event that she let him know of her affection and how Benedick was pitiless and obtuse towards someones assessment . Benedick in the wake of hearing the entirety of his deficiencies, was a changed man. Shockingly, he took all the analysis, and judgment of Don Pedro, Leonato and Claudio emphatically and accepted he was lucky enough to hear his confinements and falling flat with his own ears, so he can put each one of those shortcomings, to patching. He started to understand that Beatrice is really insightful, upright and a reasonable woman. He unexpectedly started to respect her, for what she was. He said he also would adore her, a similar way she did. He asserted that sometime in the distant past, when he said would pass on an unhitched male, he genuinely never envisioned in the craziest of dreams that he would live till we was hitched, yet then came Beatrice. He additionally started pondering about how she gave her affection towards him. Act 2 was a prime case of the topics of cunning, misleading and figment, and showed these subjects perfectly. On one hand there was reality and reality, and then again were fantasies, misunderstandings and bogus understanding, prompting different responses and working up to the plot. This made an environment of anticipation, nervousness and pressure leaving multitudinous inquiries unanswered. Will Beatrice acknowledge Benedick cherishes her, and that he thinks she adores him too? Will Don John malignant plot of making Claudio trust Hero is engaging a man in her room work out? In what capacity will Benedick and Beatrice in the end experience passionate feelings for? Will every one of these inquiries unfurl in Act 3? Act 2 not at all like Act 1 was for the most part dependent on the framing of the connection among Benedick and Beatrice, while Act 1 was about Claudio and Hero. Who knows, Act 3 may uncover and disentangle more privileged insights, double dealings and camouflages, take us furtherer into the plot and get us ever nearer to the peak.

Thats where youll find me

That’s where you’ll find me 12 hours and counting until CPW. Here are some places where Ill be this weekend: CPW Registration Help Desk, open-1pm, Thursday Doing the information session for visiting high school juniors sophomores, 2-3pm, Thursday MIT Abroad Panel, 4:00-5:10pm, Thursday Appropriate Technology Sustainable Development Fair, 6pm, Thursday CPW Student Welcome, 8:30-9:30pm, Thursday CPW Festival, 9:30pm-midnight, Thursday Presidents Welcome, 9-10:30am, Friday UROP Panel, 10:30-11:30am, Friday CPW Registration Help Desk, 1-3pm, Friday Voting for Daniel in the Big Screw, 3pm, Friday A quick look in at the Ted Kennedy lecture, 3:15pm-ish, Friday Presentation of New Undergraduate Curricula in Course VI (Electrical Engineering and Computer Science), 3:30pm, Friday MIT Abroad Panel, 4:00-5:10pm, Friday Dorm Life @ MIT, 5-6:30pm, Friday Bloggers party, 8:30-10pm, Friday Checking out the East Campus lemonade-dispensing toilet, TBA, Saturday Pre-Health Panel, 11:30am-12:30pm, Saturday Activities Fair, 1-3pm, Saturday CPW Closing Remarks and A Cappella Concert, 5:30pm, Saturday mitBEEF Beef-Off (Im a Guest Judge!), 7:17pm-8:17pm, Saturday Battle of the Bands, Saturday night CPW Registration Help Desk, 11am-close, Sunday See you there! p.s. With bad weather expected almost everywhere in the country tomorrow, I suspect there will be some delayed flights. Dont worry, well be here for you. If you have any problems, call us at the CPW Hotline: 617-258-6085. You may want to program it into your mobile phone now (if you have one), while youre thinking of it.

Essay about Critical and Creative Thinking - 1108 Words

Critical and Creative Thinking COM/600 2013 Critical and Creative Thinking Critical thinking is an important and valuable skill to have. Critical thinking affects both your professional lifestyle as well as your personal lifestyle. Critical thinkers should encompass skills needed to thoroughly analyze all the variables in a problem. During critical thinking, decisions should be based upon logic, and relevant and accurate data. Problem-solving and decision making is part of our everyday lives. It is important to use critical and creative thinking when solving problems and making decisions. Without thinking critically, you may miss out on important details that may help you come up the best solution or make the best†¦show more content†¦Employers often require evidence that applicants have received a degree from an accredited school or program (Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools, 2010). I did not want to spend the next four years obtaining a degree from a school whose standards are not up to par or a school whose programs have not been recognized as valid by the US Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. The next important factor that was critically assessed and compared was the areas of study that each school offered. When selecting a school it was critical to ensure that the school provided the area of study that I was planning to pursue. Since I was interested in the working in the helping profession, it was important that I selected a university that offered a quality Human Services curriculum. This critical assessment eliminated one school, leaving two addition schools for me to assess and distinguish which one I would attend. Lastly, I considered the cost and location of the university. It was very important that I attended a university that was affordable and not too far from my hometown. Critical thinking assisted me in determining that it would not be beneficial to attend a school that would cause me to take out a great amount of student loans that I may not be able to pay back. One of the most important reasons for attending school is to be able to liveShow MoreRelatedCritical and Creative Thinking2382 Words   |  10 PagesCritical and creative thinking is regaining its popularity in the global education scene. This resurgence in popularity can be attributed to the demands of the evolving economic, political, social and technological world in the 21st century. The competitiveness of the global market demands corporations to constantly innovate. To do so, corporations need employees who are able to think critically and creatively. Barren of natural resources, Singapore depends on its human population for economic survivalRead MoreCreative and Critical Thinking Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesKnowledge is generated through critical and creative thinking. Creative thinking is something new or original that is created with value. Critical thinking is a type of thinking that questions assumptions and validates or invalidates a current belief or something that is said to be previously true. Knowledge is created through the culmination of generally accepted assumptions and creativity. How do you separate general assumptions and creativity? These two types of thinking can be easily separated inRead MoreCritical and Creative Thinking Essay676 Words   |  3 Pages Critical and creative thinking are fundamental to human intellectual progress and artifacts thereof (Dewey, Elder, Csikszentmihalyi, Rosenman, Gero, 2012). Critical and creative thinking are considered higher levels of thought because while it is believed that critical thinker primarily uses the left-brain and a creative thinker primarily uses the right-brain, both types of thinkers tend to think outside the box, but in different ways. There is no direct link between critical and creative thinkingRead More The interaction of critical and creative thinking1522 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiments I used different forms of thinking, including critical and creative thinking, in order to form a hypothesis, analyze the data, and then come to a conclusion regarding results and my hypothesis. While knowledge can be formed through the interaction of critical and creative thinking, such as in my physics experiments, the statement given in the title implies that knowledge is solely generated through the interaction of critical and creative thinking. I intend to demonstrate that knowledgeRead MoreThe Importance of Critical and Creative Thinking886 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have been use d for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically and creatively in similar situations. Critical thinking to begin with is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome (Sternberg, Roediger, and Helpern, 2007). One of the many situations where critical thinking should have been utilized to achieve a desirable (and perhaps better) outcome wasRead MoreHow Critical And Creative Thinking2197 Words   |  9 Pagesskills, behaviour and dispositions. This will assist students to live and work successfully in the twenty-first century according to the Australian curriculum, assessment and reporting authority (ACARA, 2013). This essay will evaluate how Critical and Creative Thinking (CCT) as well as Sustainability (SUS) can be linked to pedagogical practices that are utilised in Health and Physical Education (HPE). It will provide the reader with an understanding about how the new Australian curriculum frameworkRead MoreCreative And Critical Thinking Assignment1481 Words   |  6 PagesCREATIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING ASSIGN MENT Criminal Justice year one, semester one, 2016 4) Ireland has the best managed healthcare system in the developed world. Discuss. In recent years, Ireland’s healthcare service has faced many issues and many people have been noted to criticise and point out the issues of the healthcare system. In this essay we will be discussing the healthcare system in Ireland and we will be opposing to the statement â€Å"Ireland has the best managed healthcare system inRead MoreDifferences Between Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking And Focused Thinking791 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking and Focused Thinking? o Creative thinking- Going beyond the limitations and being fresh in one’s ideas, while having a generative purpose. o Critical thinking- Is evaluative in nature and analyses a particular thing. Also, this has an analytical purpose. o Focused think- thinking critically and creatively 2. Summarize the advice and what you need to do in the Four -Part Model of Critical Thinking: †¢ Reasoning- Reasoning is the foundation of critical thinkingRead MoreTok Essay: Critical and Creative Thinking1599 Words   |  7 Pagesof Knowledge 3 May 2012 TOK Essay Response: Critical and Creative Thinking Since the dawn of humanity, man has sought to gain further insight on life through attaining knowledge. Knowledge can be defined as any information gained through personal experience. The means of obtaining knowledge include four main branches: reason, perception, language, and emotion. Despite the means, all knowledge is formulated through the process of thinking. Thinking refers to the use of the mind to gain understandingRead MoreCritical And Creative Thinking : The Work Place1818 Words   |  8 PagesCritical and Creative Thinking In the Work Place Elizabeth Willis-Satele October 4, 2014, 2014 COM 600 Chad Millar Critical and Creative Thinking in the Work Place As adults, we may enter into careers that require us to use critical and creative thinking skills. In the workplace, situations such as teamwork, presentations, and crises require us to use those skills. In my previous employment, I was a crisis outreach worker working specifically with individuals who were developmentally

Traditional And New Methods Of Accounting - 1923 Words

Traditional and new methods Accounting is a ‘traditional science’ which is considered as the key to keep all payments and receipts as well as that of expenditures and incomes being recorded (The Institute of Cost Accountants of India, 2012). Cost accounting is one of the categories besides financial accounting and management accounting. It all aims to support the businesses with financial reporting requirements and also give valuable data for taking different choices furthermore in terms of controlling cost and analysing profitability. There are two cost accounting systems that can be applied with the differences lie in its approach, methodology and scopes (Scheid, 2009). Absorption costing or full costing is a method of sharing overheads between a number of different products or services on a fair basis. This costing method allocates costs to product units and just has single rate that is being utilised to allocate company’s manufacturing overhead rates. It is most likely to use the method if there is only a single originating factor. On the other hand, Activity-based costing which commonly called ABC system is defined as â€Å"an approach to the costing and monitoring of activities which involves tracing resource consumption and costing final outputs† (CIMA, 2005). It distinguishes activity centres and allocates the costs taking into account the amount of each product which need to be produced. As it was mentioned, the absorption method only designates for product costs, it isShow MoreRelatedLean Accounting1428 Words   |  6 PagesQ1: Do the traditional accounting practices that the Topeka plant adopted in 1979 to support its mass pr oduction process have value in a lean environment? Explain the specific reasons that support your answer. In general, we do not think that traditional accounting practices that Topeka plant adopted in 1979 to support its mass production would fit into the lean accounting environment. 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The Forbidden Game The Chase Chapter 2 Free Essays

She looked in on Tom’s business law class first, but he wasn’t there. She headed downstairs. Then she began to forge her way across campus, weaving around fellow students who were staking out their favorite benches. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She could hear paper bags rustling and smell other peoples’ lunches. Jenny’s group hadn’t been eating together these last two weeks-it caused too much talk. But today they had no choice. Audrey next, Jenny thought. She passed the amphitheater with its blistered wooden benches and looked into one of the home ec rooms. Audrey was taking interior decorating, and-of course-acing it. Jenny just stood in the doorway until Audrey, who was lingering with the teacher, looked up and caught her eye. Audrey shut her folder, dropped it in her backpack, and came. â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"We’ve got to get everybody,† Jenny said. â€Å"Do you have your lunch?† â€Å"Yes.† Audrey didn’t ask why they had to get everybody. She just shook spiky copper bangs out of her eyes with an expert toss of her head and pressed her cherry-glossed lips together. They cut across the center of campus toward the girls’ gym. The sun shone on Jenny’s head, sending a little trickle of dampness down the back of her neck. Too hot for May, even in California. So why did she feel so cold inside? She and Audrey peered into the girls’ locker room. Dee wasn’t even dressed yet, snapping towels and snickering with a couple of girls on the swim team. She was naked and completely unself-conscious, beautiful and lithe and supple as a jet-black panther. When she saw Jenny and Audrey looking at her significantly, she hiked an eyebrow at them, then nodded. She reached for a garnet-colored T-shirt and joined them a minute later. They found Zach in the art block, standing alone outside the photography lab. That wasn’t surprising -Zach was usually alone. What surprised Jenny was that he wasn’t inside the lab, working. Zach’s thin, intense face had always been pale, but these days it looked almost chalky, and in the last few weeks he’d taken to wearing black cotton twills and shirts. He’s changed, Jenny thought. Well, no wonder. What they’d been through would have changed anyone. He saw Jenny, who tilted her head in the general direction of the staff parking lot. The usual place. He gave a brief jerk of his head that meant agreement. He’d meet them there. They found Michael near the English block, picking up scattered papers and books from the concrete floor. â€Å"Jerks, porkers, bozos, Neanderthals,† he was muttering. â€Å"Who did it?† Jenny asked as Audrey checked Michael for bruises. â€Å"Carl Vertman and Steve Matsushima.† Michael’s round face was flushed and his dark hair even more rumpled than usual. â€Å"It would help if you kissed it here, â€Å"he said to Audrey, pointing to the corner of his mouth. Dee did a swift, flowing punch-and-kick to the air that looked like dancing. â€Å"I’ll take care of them,† she said, flashing her most barbaric smile. â€Å"Come on, we’ve got to talk,† Jenny said. â€Å"Has anybody seen Tom?† â€Å"I think he cut this morning,† Audrey said. â€Å"He wasn’t in history or English.† Wonderful, Jenny thought as Michael got his lunch. Zachary was wearing Morbid Black, Michael was getting stomped, and Tom, the super-student, was cutting whole mornings-just when she needed him most. They sat down by the parking lot on what was commonly known at Vista Grande High as the grassy knoll. Zach arrived and dropped first his lunch sack, then himself to the ground, folding his long, thin legs in one easy motion. â€Å"What’s happening?† Dee said. Jenny took a deep breath. â€Å"There’s this girl,† she said, and she did her best to describe the Crying Girl. â€Å"Probably a ninth grader,† she said. â€Å"Do any of you guys know her?† They all shook their heads. â€Å"Because she said we killed Summer and hid her body, and that she knew that P.C. didn’t do it. She sounded like somebody who really did know, and not just because she has faith in him or something.† Dee’s sloe-black eyes were narrowed. â€Å"You think-â€Å" â€Å"I think maybe she saw him that morning. And that means-â€Å" â€Å"Maybe she knows where the paper house is,† Michael said, looking more alarmed than excited. â€Å"If she does, we have to find her,† Jenny said. Michael groaned. Jenny didn’t blame him. Everything about their situation was awful. The way people looked at them now, the questions in people’s eyes-and the danger. The danger that no one but their group knew about. A lot of it was Jenny’s fault. It had been her own brilliant idea. Let’s tell the police the truth†¦. There were two policewomen. One was Hawaiian or Polynesian and model-beautiful. The other was a stocky motherly person. They both examined the pile of fragments around the sliding glass door. â€Å"But that doesn’t have anything to do with Summer,† Jenny said, and then she and Tom and Michael and Audrey explained it all again. No, it hadn’t been a UFO. Well, it had been sort of like a UFO-Julian was alien, all right, but he hadn’t broken the door. He had come out of a game-or at least he had sucked them into a game. Or at least-All right. From the beginning again. Jenny had bought the game on Montevideo Avenue, in a store called More Games. Okay? She’d bought it and brought it home and they had all opened it. Yes, they’d all been here, the six of them, plus Summer. It had been a party for Tom’s seventeenth birthday. Inside had been this cardboard house. This model. They had put it together, a Victorian house, three stories and a turret. Blue. Then they’d put these paper dolls inside that they’d colored to look like themselves. Yeah, right, they were a little old to be playing with paper dolls. But it wasn’t just a dollhouse. It was a game. The game was to draw your worst nightmare and put it in a room of the house, and then, starting at the bottom, work your way up to the top. Going through each different person’s nightmare as you went. It had seemed like a good game. Only then it turned real. Yes, real. Real. How many different ways were there to say real? Real! They had all sort of passed out, and when they woke up, they were in the house. Inside it. It wasn’t cardboard anymore. It was solid, like an ordinary house. Then Julian had showed up. Who was Julian? What was Julian, that was the question. If you thought of him as a demon prince, you wouldn’t be too far off. He called himself the Shadow Man. The Shadow Man. Like the Sandman, only he brings nightmares. Look, the point was that Julian had killed Summer. He made her face her worst nightmare, which was a messy room. Piles of garbage and giant cockroaches. Yes, it did sound funny, but it wasn’t†¦. No, none of them had read Kafka. Look, it wasn’t funny because it had killed Summer. She’d been buried in a garbage dump from hell, under piles of filth and rotting stuff. They’d heard her screaming and screaming, and then finally the screaming had stopped. The body? For God’s sake, where else would the body be? It was there, buried in rubbish, in the paper house, in the Shadow World. No! The sliding glass door did not have anything to do with it. That had happened after they escaped from the Shadow World. Jenny had tricked Julian and locked him behind a door with a rune of constraint on it. When they got back to the real world, Jenny had put the paper house back in the game box, and then they’d called the police. Yes, that was the call made at 6:34 this morning. While they were on the phone, they’d heard glass breaking and come out to see two guys taking the box over the back fence. Why would anybody want to steal the box? Well, these guys had been following Jenny when she bought the Game. And seeing the Game-it did something to you. Once you saw that glossy white box, you wanted it, no matter what. The guys had probably followed Jenny home just to get the box. NO, SUMMER DIDN’T GO THAT WAY, TOO! SUMMER WASN’T THERE! SUMMER WAS ALREADY DEAD BY THEN! It was only after telling it that Jenny saw how crazy the story sounded. At first the police wouldn’t believe that Summer was really missing, no matter how many times Tom demanded a lie detector test. The police finally began to believe when they called Summer’s parents and found that nobody had seen her since last night. By then Jenny and the others were sitting in the detective bureau around a large table with detectives’ desks all around them. By then Jenny had picked out pictures of the two guys who’d stolen the game. P.C. Serrani and Scott Martell, better known as Slug, a name he’d chosen himself. They both had records for shoplifting and joyriding. P.C. was the one who’d been wearing the bandanna and black leather vest, Slug the one in the flannels with the bad complexion. And it turned out that they were both missing, too. The worst part was when Summer’s parents came down to the station to ask Jenny where Summer really was. They didn’t understand why Jenny, who had known Summer since fourth grade, wouldn’t tell them the truth now. The kids finally were given a drug-screening test because Summer’s father insisted their story sounded exactly like things he’d seen in the sixties. Like a very, very bad trip. Mrs. Parker-Pearson kept saying, â€Å"Whatever Summer’s done, it doesn’t matter. Just tell us where she is.† It was horrible. Aba was the one who finally stopped it. Just at the point when the fuss got the biggest and noisiest, she appeared. She was wearing a brilliant orange garment that was more like a robe than a dress, and an orange headcloth like a turban. She was Dee’s grandmother, but she looked like visiting royalty. She asked the police to leave her alone with the children. Then Jenny, shaking all over, told the story again. From the beginning. When it was over, she looked at each of them. At Tom, the champion athlete, sitting with his normally neat dark hair wildly tousled. At Audrey, the ever-chic, with her mascara rubbed off from sobbing. At Zach, the unshakable photographer, whose gray eyes were glassy with shock. At Michael, with his rumpled head in his arms. At Dee, the only one of them still sitting up straight, proud and tense and furious, her hair glistening like mica with sweat. At Jenny, who had looked back at her with a mute plea for understanding. Then Aba looked down at her own interlaced fingers, sculptor’s fingers, long and beautiful even if they were knotted with age. â€Å"I’ve told you a lot of stories,† she said to Jenny, â€Å"but there’s a famous one I don’t think you’ve heard. It’s a Hausa story. My ancestors were those-who-speak-Hausa, you know, and my mother told me this when I was just a little girl.† Michael slowly lifted his head from the table. â€Å"Once there was a hunter who went out into the bush, and he found a skull lying on the ground. He said, although he was really speaking to himself, ‘Why, how did you get here?’ â€Å"To his astonishment, the skull answered, ‘I got here through talking, my friend.'† Tom leaned forward, listening. Audrey stared. She didn’t know Aba as well as the rest of them. Aba went right on. â€Å"The hunter was very excited. He ran back to his village and told everyone that he had seen a talking skull. When the chief of the village heard, he asked the hunter to take him to the marvelous skull. â€Å"So the hunter took the chief to the skull. ‘Talk,’ he said, but the skull just lay there. The chief was so angry at being tricked that he cut off the hunter’s head and left it lying on the ground. â€Å"Once the chief was gone, the skull said to the severed head beside it, ‘Why, how did you get here?’ And the head replied, ‘I got here through talking, my friend!'† In the long silence afterward, Jenny could hear distant telephones ringing and voices outside the room. â€Å"You mean,† Michael said finally, â€Å"that we’ve been talking too much?† â€Å"I mean that you don’t need to tell everything you know to everyone. There is a time to be silent. Also, you don’t have to insist that your view is the only one, even if you honestly believe it. That hunter might have lived if he’d said, ‘I think a skull talked to me, but I may have dreamed it.'† â€Å"But we didn’t dream it,† Jenny whispered. What Aba said then made all the difference. It made everything easier somehow. â€Å"I believe you,† she said quietly and laid a gentle, knotted hand on Jenny’s. When the police came back, everyone was calm. Jenny’s group now admitted that while they thought they were telling the truth, it could have been some sort of dream or hallucination. The police now theorized that something really had happened to Summer, something so awful that the kids just couldn’t accept what they’d seen, and so had made up a hysterical story to cover the memory. Teenagers were especially prone to mass hallucination, Inspector Somebody explained to Aba. If they could pass a lie detector test, proving they hadn’t done anything to Summer †¦ They passed. Then the police released them into the custody of their parents, and Jenny went home and slept for sixteen hours straight. When she woke up, it was Sunday and Summer was still missing. So were Slug and P.C. That was how the Center got started. The new idea was that Slug and P.C. had made off with Summer, or that someone else had made off with all three. The local shopping mall donated space for a search center. Hundreds of volunteers went out looking in stormpipes and ditches and Dumpsters. There was nothing Jenny could do to stop any of it. Every day the volunteers did more, the search got bigger. She felt awful. But then she realized something. Summer’s body wasn’t in a Dumpster-but the paper house might be. It wouldn’t do any good searching for Summer, but it might do some good to search for Slug and P.C. â€Å"Because,† she pointed out bleakly to Dee and the others, â€Å"they got into the paper house, all right. And that means they might get up to the third floor. And that means they might open a certain door and let Julian out. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  After that they went out every day with the other volunteers, looking for a clue to where Slug Martell and P.C. Serrani might have taken the Game. It was a race against time, Jenny thought. To get to the house before Slug and P.C. got to Julian. Because after what she had done to Julian, tricking him and locking him behind that door, and after what she had promised him-telling him she’d stay with him forever-and then running away †¦ If he ever got out, he would find her. He’d hunt her down. And he’d take his revenge. On the grassy knoll Michael was still groaning at the thought of finding the Crying Girl. â€Å"She probably doesn’t know anything,† Zach said, his eyes gray as winter clouds. â€Å"She probably just wonders if maybe we did it. Deep down, I think everybody wonders.† Jenny looked around at the group: Dee sprawled lazily on the grass, dark limbs gleaming; Audrey perched on a folder to save her white tuxedo pant-suit; Michael with his teddy-bear body and sarcastic spaniel eyes; and Zach sitting like some kind of Tibetan monk with a ponytail. They didn’t look like murderers. But what Zach was saying was true, and it was just like him to say it. â€Å"We’ve got to go postering today anyway,† Audrey said. â€Å"We might as well look for this girl while we’re at it.† â€Å"It’s not going to make any difference,† Zach said flatly. How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 2, Essay examples

Human Resource Planning

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Planning. Answer: Introduction Human resource planning defines the necessity and significance of possessing a human resource organization plan. The plan should offer a basic description of what is included in the plan and also discuss the facts and figures that is included in it and it helps the project manager and team to further tackle the project. The Department of Human Resources is accountable for guaranteeing obedience along with documented rules and measures, contracts of labor, and centralized and to have nationwide service laws Providing guidance and the direction to management and employees in all human resources functions supporting the goals and main objectives in order to fulfill the Citys workplace. The staff members Human Resources department is whole heartedly dedicated to deliver the backing and facilities that are, in turn, required to enable employment, enrolment, welfare, workforce, expansion and exercise, management of risk, security, and work relations. This also comprises keeping active work relations with the general public, and other outside factors that are in relation with the organization of the Sunnyside hospital. The Sunnyside Hospital, the focus of the assignment, is situated near the external area of Greater Toronto and provides hospital care in its full potential and caters to the people with heavy persistent loads, mostly on weekends. The Sunnyside hospital consists of a healthy and fully functional administration system, intensive care unit, emergency, long term care unit, maternity ward, medical/ general ward, operating room where surgeries are carried out and pediatrics ward. As an acute care giver, the hospital employs people from different strata of necessities and expertise, one who can develop and deliver health care services. Workforce Analysis In Sunnyside hospital, there is an increase in the number of patients then there is also an increase in the number of the staff members. In this hospital, there are many sections from the top to the lowest and each having their own individual identities and works (Diamandis, 2015). Voluntary Turnover Projection So according to the analysis, it has been seen that if there is an increase of patients to 15% then there should also be the same percent of the increase in the staffing criteria. The number of nurses needs to be increased in Sunnyside hospital at first. The increased turnover can also cause then severe loss if not handle properly (Basu, 2016). Retirement Projection There shall be the need of recruitment not only due to the increase in the number of the patients but also for the replacement of the old retired nurses. Nurses will come and they will also get retired so, this is also a very common problem in Suunyside hospital(Charles Schwab, 2016). LTD Projection This is also another big issue regarding this hospital. According to the history the analysts had declared that this hospital has a lot of long term disability cases. According to this analysis Sunnyside hospital is going to lose the same amount of workers as they have it now. So if they have now 50 registered nurses now then in the upcoming 5 years from 2014-2019 they will lose the same number. Current Vacancies Currently, to meet the urgent increase in the number of patients in Sunnyside hospital there is an excess need for recruitment in every part of the hospital. Moreover, to cope with the situation, the management has decided to open a new wing also. So there are vacancies in every corner of this hospital(Punke, 2014). Recruitment Projections As there are so many vacancies in the Sunny hospital there shall also be the needful recruitments. Now the recruitment criterion is not same for the different recruitment needs. For the nurse, the recruitment criterion for Sunnyside hospital shall be different and for the laundryman, the recruitment criteria shall also be different. Both of their works are different so the qualifications and also the eligibility criterion shall also be different in Sunnyside hospital. (Health Care Insights, 2016). Growth Projections The increase in the growth rate has been a big factor for this hospital. As the growth is increasing they are not being able to meet up with the needful services in Sunnyside hospital because of the decrease in the number of their staff members. So this can also bring down their reputation in the upcoming future(Health Care Insights, 2016). Completion and Discussion of the Final Exam Projection Template From the given excel sheet the values shall change in different situations depending on the different criterion. The values may have to decrease where it might seem to increase. The chart shows so many aspects which are needed to be recruited for the working of this Sunnyside hospital. Recommendation Section If there is an increase in the number of patients then there should also be an equal percent of the increase in the number of staff members. The staff members of this Sunnyside hospital are the people who are actually going to help Sunnyside hospital work in the market. They are the actual people who are the service providers. In Sunnyside hospital, service is the main thing so if there are not enough service providers then there is no use of that hospital. The management should immediately go for new recruitments. In this case, the management of the Sunnyside hospital has to be very careful while selecting people. They have to keep in mind that the people they are selecting are going to be the actual service providers. The service matters the most in all these cases. If there is any flaw in a case of service then that hospital shall lose everything whatever they have gain in the previous years. So the recruitment procedure should be started as soon as possible. References Basu, C. (2016).How to Calculate the Employee Turnover Rate on an Annual Basis. [online] Chron. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/calculate-employee-turnover-rate-annual-basis-10202.html [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Charles Schwab. (2016).Retirement Calculator. [online] Available at: https://www.schwab.com/public/schwab/investing/retirement_and_planning/saving_for_retirement/retirement_calculator [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Diamandis, P. (2015). Steps in Human Resource Planning (explained with diagram).CBP Certified Business Professional. [online] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=7cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiQ1aLu0OnQAhUMt48KHYhzBPkQFghHMAYurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fpulse%2Fsteps-human-resource-planning-explained-diagram-cbpusg=AFQjCNEkM5vnM6zBs4NQR_Ei9eSrai4kcwsig2=_cJOBGA6IuauoG_xKmodbA [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Health Care Insights. (2016).Nursing Shortage Effect on the Health Care Industry: Current Trends, Future Growth. [online] Available at: https://www.schumacherclinical.com/health-care-insights/2016/1/nursing-shortage-effect-on-the-health-care-industry-current-trends-future-growth [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Punke, H. (2014).What Occupations Make Up the Hospital Workforce?. [online] Hospital Review. Available at: https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/human-capital-and-risk/what-occupations-make-up-the-hospital-workforce.html [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016].

Computers Essays (199 words) - Merchant Services, Credit Cards

The Gap is a grand department clothing store that specializes in the following: Men Women GAP Body Gap Maternity Gap kids Baby Gap Site Overview Plug-in QuickTime JavaScript Flash Adobe Acrobat Reader HTML Multimedia Overview QuickTime- to play movies Flash- to view homepage animation and many of their seasonal shops and features Adobe Acrobat Reader- to download certain forms. Site Technology The Gap?s web site (Gap.com) uses HTML Security Technology Credit card safety- The Gap uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) technology to protect the security of credit card information. SSL is the gold standard in internet encryption technology. It is a method of scrambling data as it travels from your computer to Gap?s website?s servers. CVV (Credit Card Security Code)- Gap requires to enter credit card?s 3-4 digits security code (CVV), providing it helps to prevent credit card fraud. Privacy Policy Credit card safeguard Cookies Web browsers Plug-ins Screen readers How does The Gap assist the customer in direct response? Phone 1-800-GAPSTLYE E-mail- Gap. COM Mail- 100 Gap Online DriveGrove City, Ohio 43123-8605 If someone steals your credit card information or uses credit card in an unauthorized manner on Gap?s website (as determined by credit card company), Gap will cover up to $50 of the charges your credit card company doesn?t.

The Important Role of US Third Parties

The Important Role of US Third Parties While their candidates for President of the United States and Congress have little chance of being elected, America’s third political parties have historically played a major role in bringing about sweeping social, cultural, and political reform. Womens Right to Vote Both the Prohibition and Socialist Parties promoted the womens suffrage movement during the late 1800s. By 1916, both Republicans and Democrats supported it and by 1920, the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote had been ratified. Child Labor Laws The Socialist Party first advocated laws establishing minimum ages and limiting hours of work for American children in 1904. The Keating-Owen Act established such laws in 1916. Immigration Restrictions The Immigration Act of 1924 came about as a result of support by the Populist Party starting as early as the early 1890s. Reduction of Working Hours You can thank the Populist and Socialist Parties for the 40-hour work week. Their support for reduced working hours during the 1890s led to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Income Tax In the 1890s, the Populist and Socialist Parties supported a progressive tax system that would base a persons tax liability on their amount of income. The idea led to the ratification of the 16th Amendment in 1913. Social Security The Socialist Party also supported a fund to provide temporary compensation for the unemployed in the late 1920s. The idea led to the creation of laws establishing unemployment insurance and the Social Security Act of 1935. Tough on Crime In 1968, the American Independent Party and its presidential candidate George Wallace advocated getting tough on crime. The Republican Party adopted the idea in its platform and the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 was the result. (George Wallace won 46 electoral votes in the 1968 election. This was the highest number of electoral votes collected by a third party candidate since Teddy Roosevelt, running for the Progressive Party in 1912, won  a total of  88 votes.) America’s First Political Parties The Founding Fathers wanted the American federal government and its inevitable politics to remain non-partisan. As a result, the U.S. Constitution makes no mention whatsoever of political parties. In Federalist Papers No. 9 and No. 10, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively refer to the dangers of political factions they had observed in the British government. America’s first president, George Washington, never joined a political party and warned against the stagnation and conflict they can cause in his Farewell Address. â€Å"However [political parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion.† - George Washington, Farewell Address, September 17, 1796 However, it was Washington’s own closest advisers who spawned the American political party system. Hamilton and Madison, despite writing against political factions in the Federalist Papers, became the core leaders of the first two functional opposing political parties. Hamilton emerged as the leader of the Federalists, who favored a strong central government, while Madison and Thomas Jefferson led the Anti-Federalists, who stood for a smaller, less-powerful central government. It was the early battles between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists that spawned the environment of partisanship that now dominates all levels of American government.   Leading Modern Third Parties While the following is far from all of the recognized third parties in American politics, the Libertarian, Reform, Green, and Constitution Parties are usually the most active in presidential elections. Libertarian Party Founded in 1971, the Libertarian party is the third largest political party in America. Over the years, Libertarian Party candidates have been elected to many state and local offices. Libertarians believe the  federal government  should play a minimal role in the day-to-day affairs of the people. They believe that the only appropriate role of government is to protect the citizens from acts of physical force or fraud. A libertarian-style government would, therefore, limit itself to a police, court, prison system and military. Members support the free market economy and are dedicated to the protection of civil liberties and individual freedom. Reform Party In 1992, Texan H. Ross Perot spent over $60 million of his own money to run for president as an independent. Perots national organization, known as United We Stand America succeeded in getting Perot on the ballot in all 50 states. Perot won 19 percent of the vote in November, the best result for a third party candidate in 80 years. Following the 1992 election, Perot and United We Stand America organized into the Reform Party. Perot again ran for president as the Reform Party candidate in 1996 winning 8.5 percent of the vote. As its name implies, Reform Party members are dedicated to reforming the American political system. They support candidates they feel will re-establish trust in government by displaying high ethical standards coupled with fiscal responsibility and accountability. Green Party The American Green Partys platform is based on the following 10 Key Values: Ecological wisdomCommunity-based economicsGrassroots democracyDecentralizationGender equalityPersonal and social responsibilityRespect for diversityNonviolenceGlobal responsibility Greens seek to restore balance through recognizing that our planet and all of life are unique aspects of an integrated whole, and also through affirming the significant inherent values and contribution of each part of that whole. The Green Party - Hawaii Constitution Party In 1992, American Taxpayer Party presidential candidate Howard Phillips appeared on the ballot in 21 states. Mr. Phillips again ran in 1996, achieving ballot access in 39 states. At its national convention in 1999, the party officially changed its name to the Constitution Party and again chose Howard Phillips as its presidential candidate for 2000. The Constitution Party favors a government based on a strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution and the principals expressed in it by the Founding Fathers. They support a government limited in scope, structure, and power of regulation over the people. Under this goal, the Constitution Party favors a return of most governmental powers to the states, communities and the people.

The biomedical model of health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The biomedical model of health - Essay Example Although it has been introduced in the nineteenth century, the roots of the model date back to the 17th century when Cartesian dualism existed. After its introduction the model replaced the previously famous Humoral paradigm in the twentieth century. The discovery of antibiotics proved to be a breakthrough in the approval of the model. However in the late twentieth century some of the sociologists again started questioning the integrity of the biomedical model of health as they considered the social wellbeing of an individual to be as important as the biological well being (Curtis 2002; Taylor 2008; Lovallo 2005; Havelka et al 2009). Biomedical Model of Health The biomedical model of health takes its roots from the Cartesian dualism which is dated back to the seventeenth century in the times of Descartes. Cartesian Dualism revolved around the aspect that both mind and body are two separate entities irrespective of their functions. In a similar fashion the model considers physical cau ses to be the main reason for the disease. The model has replaced the previously followed Humoral Paradigm which was formed by the Greeks. According to this paradigm the diseases in a human body are caused because of a certain abnormality in the four basic fluids of the body. In those times the four basic fluids of the body were believed to be blood, black bile, yellow bile and phlegm. The treatment of this paradigm also revolved around the maintenance of these four basic fluids. One thing common about the Humoral paradigm and biomedical model of health is that both of them consider bodily factors to be the cause of the disease (Curtis 2002). The biomedical model of health revolves around certain factors which have to be present. The model states that for a person to be unhealthy he has to have some sort of biological abnormality. It also states that every disease has some specific cause which has to be diagnosed by the doctor in order to cure the patient. It also involves the proce ss of treatment and states that the human body can be reversed back to the normal condition if the right treatment is served to the diseased person. It states that psychological and social processes do not take part in the disease causing process. Moreover it also assumes that mind and body are two different entities that have no such relation with each other. And lastly the health of the whole society is dependent on the resources that are available to the medical society as a whole (Taylor 2008). The model is largely followed all over the world and its principles are also seen to be the most convincing these days. It is because of this model that researches are being conducted on the biochemical and genetic processes of the body to find out about the different diseases. Moreover all the doctors being trained these days are trained on the principles of this model as they have to learn about the internal environment of a human being so that they can treat them. In other words they h ave to understand the human body so that they can intervene in the process of disease that may be causing harm to the patient (Curtis 2002; Taylor & Field 2007). It has helped to carry out several projects have proved to be a breakthrough in treating various diseases occurring in the society. The Human Genome Project is an example of the advantages of this model. Human Genome Proj

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Lab report - Essay Example Further, the overall RPM range for the AC motor was approximately 1/3 that of the rpm range for the DC motor. Likewise, the AC motor was ultimately providing the power and driving the DC motor. Lastly, the AC motors in synchronous speed decrease was tangentially related to the decrease in AC motor drive frequency. The underlying goal for these experiments was to provide a deeper understanding into the ultimate effects of many of the mechanical and electrical factors that impact upon the performance of a DC motor. Furthermore, the lab itself provides for an understanding of the effects of closed loop and open loop speed control mechanisms; utilizing linear and pulsed circuitry. The underlying necessity for fixed speed motors is ultimately an issue of sensory features. For instance, a compact disc player requires an electric engine to keep a minimum basic rpm range as a means of accurately reading the CD itself and translating this information into audible sound. Accordingly, a fixed magnet motor is composed of the following core components listed below in Figure 1.0 as was noted, the passing current creates a magnetic field which in turn produces torque that drives the engine itself. This is a basic compound and construct of any electrical loader. Yet, in order to ensure that the Armature begins rotating it is necessary for the torque of the engine to overcome the mechanical load that it is faced with. Additionally, the relationship between torque and current is known as a torque constant. As the armature begins to rotate, it circumvents the magnetic field of the magnets. Accordingly, and electromotive force is required and generated in order to supply the voltage that is necessary to engage this particular operation. Lastly, it must also be understood that winding and the action of the commentator brushes requires its own level of resistance as well. The exercise attempted to

Physiology Of Human Bones And Joints Biology Essay

Physiology Of Human Bones And Joints Biology Essay This includes all the physical and chemical processes that go on inside living things and that are necessary for proper functioning of the body. Physiology is closely related to anatomy, the study of different organs in a body and their relative positioning. This is because an understanding of functions of body parts requires a prior understanding of how the body is built. Human physiology is the specific study of the workings of the human body. The organ system approach is usually employed to study human physiology, including that of the bones and joints. Organ systems are a group of cells, tissues, and organs with a particular function. Organ Systems The human body consists of the following organ systems:  [2]   Musculoskeletal System This system consists of bones of the skeleton, joints, muscles, connective tissue, ligaments, tendon, and cartilage. The musculoskeletal system provides a framework for the body, protects many critical organs, and facilitates movements of movable body parts. Nervous System This system is there for transmission of signals between different parts of the body for coordination of body movement. The nervous system comprises the brain, spinal cord, sensory cells called neurons or nerve cells, and nerves that connect these sensory cells. Cardiovascular System This system includes heart, blood, and blood vessels. It supplies nutrients to all parts of the body through blood. The system works in close conjunction with the respiratory system. Respiratory System This system consists of the lungs, air passages, and respiratory muscles. It arranges for oxygenation of blood and release of carbon dioxide from blood. Endocrine System This system is made up of numerous glands, each secreting some hormone. These hormones are released directly into the bloodstream for regulation of the bodys metabolism. This organ system includes glands such as the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, pineal gland, pancreas, and thymus. The pancreas is also a part of the digestive system and functions as an endocrine as well as exocrine gland. Digestive System This system absorbs nutrients from consumed food and disposes waste. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas, which secrete digestive juices, are also part of this system. This system works in active collaboration with the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Urinary System This system produces, stores, and disposes urine. It is made up of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and a urethra. Reproductive System The reproductive system is involved with the production of reproductive cells. It also provides a mechanism through which these cells are combined. This system consists of external genitalia as well as organs that produce the reproductive cells. Immune System The immune system protects the body against disease. It includes bone marrow, white blood cells, lymph system, antibodies, spleen, and thymus. Integumentary System This system safeguards the body from damage and comprises of the skin and appendages of the skin such as nails and hair. The study of human physiology includes an exhaustive focus on all these systems. This study has to be combined with a fundamental understanding of the molecular, cellular, and tissue level principles that form the basis of the functions of these systems. Proper functioning of the human body requires all these systems to work smoothly. The overall health of the human body is determined by the efficiency of the collective or integrated working of all these systems. An important concept in physiology is homeostasis. This refers to the maintenance of certain physiological parameters within a narrow range despite frequent changes in the external environment. Such a control is essential for proper functioning of all the organ systems. The physiological parameters that need to be kept within limits include body temperature and concentration of electrolytes and glucose in the cells. Physiology Explained Origins of the Term Physio The term physio is derived from the Greek word phusis, meaning nature, and was used by people of ancient Greece around 1000 B.C. The word phusis is also said to refer to the Greek goddesses of nature who maintained the balance of nature. The term also implied normality as opposed to something that is monstrous or perverse.  [3]   Differences Considerable physiological differences exist between humans, other animals, and microorganisms. These differences can usually be ascribed to the process of evolution. Darwins theory of evolution proposes that all life on earth started from a single-celled organism that slowly diversified into numerous species. In order to adapt to the surroundings, the physiology of organisms changed slowly. Different climatic conditions triggered different type of changes and, over the centuries, led to the development of varied life forms. Humans have an average brain-to-body mass ratio of 1:40 that is exceeded only by small birds (1:12). This highly developed brain is said to be the reason why humans are more intelligent than other animals. Such a brain is also the reason why humans have a longer memory than most other animals. Usually, animals beyond the human species live in the moment and are, therefore, free from emotions such as spite, guilt, and self-consciousness. Fingers and Legs The thumb is most developed in people. During evolution, Man felt greater need for the thumb and hence it developed better than in other species. The thumb adds a whole new dimension to the activities that humans can perform. People could make and use tools and advance scientifically because of the thumb. While a superbly developed brain provides the arthritis patient with ideas, the thumb helps in the conversion of some of these ideas into practice. Humans walk on two hind legs while most other animals walk on all four legs.  [4]  Certain types of monkeys do walk on two legs, but that is not their normal mode of mobility. This feature provides the arthritis victim with an erect posture and frees their hands for other, more important activities. This is also the reason why humans have a running speed lower than most other animals of a comparable size. Cardiovascular, Communication, and Sensual Differences The number of chambers in the heart vary among animals. Humans have four chambers, reptiles usually three (except crocodiles that have four chambers), fishes have two, and so on. Moreover, communication skills are very highly developed in humans as compared to other animals. Man is the only animal capable of articulate and coherent speech as opposed to certain sounds and gestures made by animals that can convey their emotions only in a broad sense. As compared to many other animals, humans have an inferior sense of smell, eyesight, and hearing. During the course of evolution, humans made steady progress and started to tailor their environment to their needs. In a partly customized environment, the necessity of these senses declined as compared to when humans lived in open and, often, unprotected environments. Microbiological Differences Humans and animals have numerous organs that are a collection of many cells and tissues. Each organ has some function(s). This specialization is either absent or limited in microorganisms as the number of cells is limited. Organ systems such as musculoskeletal system, nervous system, and cardiovascular system are usually absent in the bodies of microorganisms. Many microorganisms are capable of rapid reproduction when the temperatures are moderately high. This rate is very high as compared to humans and most other animals, and the reproduction activity slows down in cold environments. Microbes such as bacteria can freely exchange genes with other similar species leading to quick mutation and evolution. This process of horizontal gene transfer poses great challenges for medical science as the variant species can resist even targeted medication. Reproduction in microbes can be asexual, sexual or both.  [5]  Fungi reproduce asexually while bacteria can re produce in both ways. Barring a few exceptions, most animals reproduce sexually. It is the sexual reproduction in bacteria that can lead to mutation and associated problems for medical science. This process is called conjugation and involves transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via a thread type structure known as pilus. Such a transfer enables the bacteria to pass characteristics and leads to the formation of a varied species capable of survival in newer, more hostile environments. Normal Functions of Bones and Joints Purpose of Bones All the bones and joints in the body form the skeletal system that is inherently linked with muscles to form the musculoskeletal organ system. The skeletal system serves three fundamental functions.  [6]  As noted from chapter three, the skeletal system supports all the other organ systems of the body by providing a framework of bones and joints on and inside which other organ systems are rested. This structure also provides shape to the body. Bones provide protection from internal organs such as brain, lungs, uterus and others. This is a notable function and, therefore, merits a somewhat detailed treatment: The skull encases the brain and protects the eyes and the middle and inner ears. The sternum, rib cage, and spine shield the heart, lungs, and prominent blood vessels. The vertebral column forms a covering around the spinal cord. The spine and ilium safeguards the hip and the digestive and urogenital systems. Movement Movement is provided by bones in combination with attached muscles. Skeletal muscles operate in pairs and when one relaxes, the other simply contracts. An example is the bicep-triceps combination. When the arm is stretched, the bicep relaxes with contraction of the triceps and vice versa. Many times, bones provide leverage by amplifying the magnitude and changing the direction of force generated by the muscles. Impaired Bone Health Overview of Consequences Unhealthy bones are unable to perform all or any of their functions of support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, and acting as a reservoir and dumping locations respectively for useful and toxic minerals. Bone disease is a generic term for disorders related to bones that make bones weak and brittle and, therefore, more likely to break. Sources for bone disorders include heredity, nutritional deficiencies, injuries, and infections. The general effects are a pronounced decrease in the quality of life due to the inability to move efficiently and due to frequent bone injuries and possibly fractures. Premature death can result in extreme cases. Infectious Arthritis This can result in people with weak joints. The source is a fungal, viral, or bacterial infection in such joints and the symptoms include swelling and redness around the joint, joint pain, and fever. The infection is transferred through blood or can be a result of injury, surgery, or injection. Infectious arthritis is discussed further in chapter 19. Rickets This is found in children and is due to vitamin D deficiency. It makes the bones weak and soft. The effects include restricted movements with bone and muscle pain. Low bone density is due to insufficient development of bone mass during childhood. This can aggravate into osteoporosis later on in life.  [7]   Bone Cancer This affects the normal functioning of bone cells and tissues. Usually, cancer in the bone is a result of spread of cancerous cells to bones from another part of the body. Very rarely does bone cancer originate in bone cells. There are different types of bone cancers that affect bone cells, cartilage cells, and the bone marrow. Symptoms include swelling, pain, and weak bones; fatigue, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, and chills. This disorder can assume serious proportions if it affects a load-bearing bone such as the femur, forcing the patient to use a wheelchair for considerable duration of the treatment. Pagets Disease This bone disease interrupts the cycle of continuous breakdown and rebuilding of bones. Severe pain and swelling in joints are the symptoms of this disorder that can enlarge and weaken the bones. This can intensify into other disorders such as deafness and arthritis. Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) This is a genetic disease that causes bones to break easily and other conditions such as curved spine, weak muscles, brittle teeth, and hearing loss. The disease causing gene is inherited and affects the development of collagen a protein that in turn affects bone development. Fibrous Dysplasia This results in replacement of bones with fibrous tissue, thereby causing excessive growth and swelling of bones. Weak bones affect the ability to walk and the disorder can also cause endocrine problems. The reason this disorder inspires a certain degree of awe is because the cause is unknown, it cannot be prevented, and cure only aims to mitigate the adverse effects. Osgood-Schlatter Disease This malady affects the area where the knee cap and tibia (shinbone) are connected. The disease is more likely to affect adolescents and causes swelling, tenderness, and pain in the affected area. The pain can range from mild to severe and from occasional to constant. Physiology of Joints Purpose of Joints Joints are those locations where two or more bones are attached. Joints provide connectivity between different bones of the body. The fact that almost all bones are connected to form the skeletal system and that the muscles are connected to the skeleton ensures coordination of movement between different parts of the body. This connectivity integrates all the body parts into one whole entity. Joints facilitate movement through contraction and relaxation of muscles. Purposeful movement is fundamental to animal behavior and enables them to execute all activities necessary for survival, leisure, and reproduction. A certain amount of flexibility is lent to the skeletal structure by joints, which also serve as shock absorbers. Evolution has lent different structure to different types of joints in different animals. However, their essential functions remain unchanged. An example is the joints in the hind legs of land based carnivores that are designed for pouncing on prey. This is why they can jump high by using their hind legs. At the other end of the spectrum are the herbivores with bones and joints of hind legs designed for high speed. The joints of monkeys are designed for quick climbing and rapid movement among trees. Reptile joints enable them to crawl and pounce at high speeds. All members of the cat family except the cheetah have retractable claws. The claws are made so as they are joined to the last phalange that can move forward or backward along a curvilinear path. This mechanism prevents unnecessary wearing of claws. The claws are voluntarily unsheathed only during hunting and serious fighting. The cheetah is designed for high speed and requires the claws to be continuously unsheathed in order to gain and maintain traction while sprinting. Even among carnivores, joints serve slightly different functions. Members of the dog family have joints compatible for a prolonged chase. Their hunting strategy involves wearing down the prey. Cats are ambush hunters. Their joints are stronger and capable of sudden acceleration for bringing down the prey suddenly. This would also mean greater shock absorbing capacity of their joints, although they are not suited for endurance. In humans, all joints can provide movement except the bones of the cranium. These cover the brain and are not capable of movement for obvious reasons. The human palm has a peculiar structure where the thumb provides exceptional gripping ability. Such a structure is absent in all the other animals and bestows humans with the capacity to execute a whole range of specialized activities. Joints in the human body can be classified on the basis of type of movement that they provide physiologically: Hinge joints facilitate movement similar to that of a hinged door along one axis only. They allow up-or-down movement but not from side to side. Examples of such joints are the elbow, knee, and the upper and lower jaw. Ball and socket joints allow movement in all directions upwards, downwards, and sideways. The shoulder is an example of such a joint. Another example is the acetabulam or the hip joint where the thigh bone is connected to the pelvis. Pivot joints permit pivotal movement of one part about the other. An example of this type of joint is the movement of the skull about the backbone where the skull can rotate about the topmost bone of the backbone. Gliding Joint is characterized by gliding movement of one bone / part over the other. The wrist joint is an example of such a joint. Joints can also be classified according to the mechanism that holds the bones together at the joint. Application of this criterion renders the following types of joints.  [8]   Fibrous or immovable joints are held together by ligaments only. Examples of such joints are the radioulnar and tibiofibular joints, the joints of bones inside the forearm and shin, respectively. Cartilaginous joints are where the connection between bones is provided by cartilage. An example is the joints between the vertebrae. Synovial joints are held together by a synovial capsule that is made from the protein collagen. The inner layer of this capsule is known as the synovial membrane and it secretes a lubricant called synovial fluid. Furthermore, there is a hyaline cartilage that pads the ends of the bones in these joints. Synovial joints can be hinge joints, ball and socket joints, pivot joints, or gliding joints. They can also be saddle type or condyloid type. Different finger bones of the same finger are joined by a saddle joint while condyloid joints join the metacarpal bones to the first phalanges. Developmental Aspects of Male and Female Bones Overall Bone Similarities When it comes to bones and joints, considerable similarities exist between the framework of males and females. As a matter of fact, the skeletons of all primates exhibit certain generic features such as a large brain, highly developed fingers and thumb, generalized pattern of teeth, forward facing eyes, and bony eye sockets. The following points of resemblance are observed between the human male and human female skeleton. Both have exactly the same number of bones: 206. Same number of bones also means the same number of joints, although the precise number of joints in the human body is a matter of debate in view of differences in opinion on what constitutes a joint. An inclusive estimate indicates to the presence of about 250 to 350 joints in the human body. The shape of most bones in the male and female skeleton is similar, although some bones are differently shaped in view of the different roles of males and females. The femur or the thigh bone is the longest and strongest bone in both human males and human females. Stirrup or stapes is the smallest bone in the human skeleton irrespective of gender. This bone is located in the middle ear and its average size ranges between 0.25 cm to 0.33 cm. The average human bone density is around 1500 kg/m3 for a normal, healthy adult, although males have slightly higher bone density than women. Here again, different researchers have obtained varying results rang ing between 1000 kg/m3 to 1900 kg/m3. With this, the human skeleton comprises a significant percent of the total body weight. Exceptions Certain peculiarities or exceptions are common to the male and female skeletons. The presence of fused bones in the cranium and pelvis serves as an example here. These bones are not connected through joints but fit into each other the way pieces of a jigsaw puzzle do. The three bones in the middle ear, collectively referred to as ossicles, connect only with each other. The hyoid bone located in the neck serves as a connection point for the tongue. It is not connected to any bone in the skeleton. It is held in position only by muscles and ligaments. Overall Bone Differences Different hormones affect the development of bones in males and females and this is the primary reason for bone differences. Testosterone is the main hormone that affects bone development in males while estrogen does the same for females.  [9]  The differences between male and female skeletons can be better understood when seen in the context of differences in race, lifestyle, and physical activity. When comparisons are made between males and females of the same race and with comparable lifestyles, the following points of differences can be observed. In Relation to Childbirth There are two differences in relation to the process of childbirth covered in the precedingchapter. Females have a more movable coccyx or tailbone and a wider and flatter sacrum connected to the pelvis. The coccyx is the last bone of the backbone and sacrum is similarly located near the end of the spinal column. Such a structure allows the head and shoulders of the fetus to pass through the cavity during childbirth. Bones that make up the arms and legs are thicker, longer and, therefore, stronger in case of males. Bones in the arm include the humerus that supports the bicep, radius, and the ulna that support the forearm. Males possess relatively larger phalanges or finger bones. Size Male skeletons are usually larger and heavier than female skeletons. Traditionally, men have assumed the responsibility of hunting, gathering, and working outdoors while women have been assigned to domestic responsibilities and childbearing. Men, therefore, have traditionally needed more strength and this explains the strength-related differences in the male and female skeletons. Face The facial bone structure in males and females is different on account of difference in the structure of the skull. Men have more developed bulge at the back of the head and more noticeable brow ridges. The chin area of men is more angular and square as compared to female chins that are pointed and more rounded. Spine Length and Others The length of spine in women is shorter as compared to men. The shorter spine creates an illusion of female legs being longer than that of males. Other differences include a narrower rib cage, more rounded shoulder blades, and smaller teeth in the female skeleton. Developmental Aspects of Male and Female Joints Overall Similarities Human male and female joints have certain common features. The first similarity is the number of joints. Since the number of bones in the bodies of males and females is same, the number of joints is also same. The number of joints is between 250 to 350.  [10]  There is no exact number due to lack of unanimity on what precisely constitutes a joint. Another prominent similarity is the types of joints. Both males and females have the same types of joints according to the mechanism for holding joints together. The functions of most of the joints in males and females are similar. This point of similarity is a natural corollary to there being equal number and same type of joints. Differences Men have broader shoulders and smaller waists while women have wider hips and narrower shoulders. This makes the angles of muscle alignment and tendon attachment different in the joints of males and females.  [11]  Female joints are, on an average, more flexible and have a greater range of movement than male joints.  [12]  This is due to women having a lower center of gravity due to wider hips and greater distribution of weight around the hips and thighs. On account of this significant point, the following dissimilarities are observed: 1) It is easier for women to perform mobility exercises and exhibit actions such as hurdling and the fosbury flop during high jump, while; 2) men are better at events such as long jump, shot put, and hammer throw; 3) the said feature also makes women less susceptible to injuries during the execution of jumps over hurdles, but on the downside, this feature lowers the efficiency of the muscle pull and makes women more prone to muscle injuries and 4) elbows and ankles in the male skeleton are smaller and have a smaller carrying angle as compared to female skeletons. This makes male elbows and ankles stronger. Analysis Physiology is the study of functions of different organs and organ systems in the human body, which body consists of ten organ systems. The bodys overall health is determined by how well these systems function collectively. People are the apex creatures on this planet on account of their highly developed brain, thumb, and communication. The skeletal system consisting of bones and joints is the physical foundation on which other organ systems of the body are rested. It also protects different organs in the body and with the attached muscle system forms the musculoskeletal system that facilitates movement of movable body parts. Due to differences in their biological roles, bones and joints of men and women are slightly different. Men have broader shoulders while women have wider hips. This provides a lower center of gravity for women with greater joint flexibility and better coordination of movement. The same feature, however, makes women more prone to muscle injuries.

Gay Marriage Opinion Essay

Mainwaring goes on to argue that because â€Å"Only a little more than 53%† of the signers were Republican, and the rest an assortment of parties, gay marriage is a â€Å"common, mainstream concern†, to be shared among citizens of all backgrounds. Mainwaring defends the signers of this petition, stating that because they signed an anti-gay marriage petition, their actions cannot be chalked up to homophobic motives. He says that â€Å"the vast majority simply view ‘marriage’ as an immutable term that can only apple to heterosexuals†, and that â€Å"’we’ shouldn’t mess with [the term marriage]†. I mentioned before that Mainwaring’s opinion on this topic is considerably unique. This is because he himself is, in fact, gay. It was not only the fact that Mainwaring decided to mention this, but also the juxtaposition of this statement that was mildly infuriating to me. To me, placing the fact that he is gay directly after his statements defending the people who signed the petition is a bit like an African-American saying â€Å"I think blacks should be subject to a lower standard of living than whites†¦and it’s okay for me to think this because I’m black!If a black person were to say this today, this would be considered socially unacceptable from nearly every person in this country, and it should be the same for Mainwaring and all other gays. It’s extremely difficult for me to even begin to wrap my head around how Mainwaring can even have this opinion. How he can blatantly undermine the oppressed minority he has categorized himself into, simply be cause â€Å"we should not attempt to force into an old construct something that was never meant for same-sex partnerships† is appalling. Mainwaring believes that simply because the term â€Å"marriage† has meant one thing for the past two hundred years, it simply cannot be open to interpretation, like many other dated laws. So many different sections of the constitution have been twisted and bent toward various opinions, just as the following should be. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The argument that Mainwaring is trying to make is ill-supported and weak. It is less credible that the late 1920’s â€Å"Separate but Equal† mantra, considering civil unions, which Mainwaring proposes for gays, are in no way even close to being equal to a â€Å"traditional† marriage. Before the Civil Rights Movement, many people were raised to believe that blacks were meant to be inferior. However, as awareness arose, people began to realize that this simply is not true; under the eyes of the law, there should be virtually no difference between a black person and a white person. Likewise, there should be no difference between a gay or a straight couple. A civil union is in no way a reasonable alternative for gays, and if us as Americans were to make that statement the new â€Å"traditional†, there one day in the future may be no limits on the term â€Å"marriage†.

Beauty Therapy Stone Therapy Assignment Brief Essay

Research the history and origins of stone therapy massage and how it may be incorporated with other therapy related treatments. Massage is one of the oldest forms of hands-on-healing known, people from virtually every culture have used a combination of touch, heat or thermotherapy and stones as therapeutic tools. The three main cultures, which have heavily influenced how modern-day hot stone massage has evolved, the Chinese, the Native Americans and the Hawaiians although Egyptian, Ayurvedic and many other traditional healing arts are also said to have used stones and heat. One of the first recorded uses of stones for healing was by Ancient Chinese a medical practitioner who regularly used various shaped stones known as Bian Stones to treat disease. The use of Moxabustion burning of the herb mugwort helped to add heat to these treatments. Native Americans are well known for their Sweat Lodges, which are similar to modern-day Saunas. The use of heated stones on the lower abdomen to relieve cramps was another common Native American practice. Most therapists who incorporate hot stones into their massage routine agree that the Hawaiians had a major part to play in how this form of massage is applied today. This is particularly true for Hahana Stone Massage. Customary uses included wrapping hot stones in leaves with certain therapeutic properties ti leaves and placing on sore muscles to reduce pain, like using a heat pack. . Modern-day hot stone massage therapy is a truly unique style of massage, has been gaining popularity through-out the world after being re-discovered in the United States in 1993. The story is that a massage therapist named Mary Nelson, who was suffering from repetitive use injuries in the shoulders and wrists, was having a sauna with her niece and which had stones in. Mary picked up some of the hot stones and started massaging her niece with them, she felt great. The first style of modern-day hot stone massages therapy was called ‘LaStone Therapy’. Almost every Spa in Europe, America and Australia  offers hot stone massage therapy on their treatment plans. There are a verity number of different styles of stone massage, hot stone massage and cold stone massage these can be incorporated into different treatments like body massage as a pre heat treatment to warm up the muscle to aid muscle manipulation, manicures placed in between the fingers, pedicures placed in between the toes, facials during the massage to aid lymph drainage over the face, sports or remedial massage to relieve muscle pain or tension in the muscle and Indian head massage to aid in relaxation. 2. Explain how you would prepare the treatment area for stone therapy massage taking into account the following aspects: heating, lighting, privacy, noise level, hygiene and finishing touches. When you enter the treatment room you should check the floor is clean and there is no oil spillages on the floor, if there is wipe up with warm soapy water and dry with paper towels, you should place clean bed sheet on the treatment bed, cover with clean towels and bed roll with modesty towels and a flannel available for wiping over the client feet at the beginning and end of the massage. The sides should be wiped down with surgical spirit, sink should be clean with hand soap available. You need to place an hand towel down or tissue to place the stone heater on, the machine should be clean and pat tested, a quick check of the wires and that the machine is in working order shouldn’t take more then a minute, all stones in the machine should be clean and oil free, you should have a bowl to fill the heater with water, the water should be level with the stones. You should turn the machine to pre heat for them to be at working temperature 55ï‚ °C for the treatment. You should pla ce a towel next to the machine for when you take the stones out of the heater, a bowl of cool water should be next to the towel ready incase the stone need cooling down before applying heat to the client, you should check the thermometer in the machine to see the temperature of the water, if the water is at working temperature change the machine to operating range to keep the stone at the correct heat. You would have a small bowl with tissue and a cotton bud in to patch test the oil the client has chosen. Tissue should be placed on the floor by the bed for when the client gets off the bed to stop then from slipping from any oil still on their feet. Heating: making sure the room isn’t to hot or cold for the client as to much heat can make client feel faint or even collapse, if the room in to cold the client may not receive the most of the benefits from the treatment and they may not fell comfortable. Lighting: there should be mood lighting or a dimmer switch to aid in relaxation during the treatment, as a bright light may cause the client to tense up and not relax which can ruin the experience for them. Privacy: the treatment should take place in a private treatment room so other client or therapist doesn’t disturb the client during the treatment so the client can relax and receive all the benefits of the massage. Some client can feel self-conscious about their body and a private room can make them feel comfortable and not exposed. Noise Level: there sound be no loud noises in or near the treatment room, relaxing music should be playing in the back ground to aid in relaxation but not to loud that it disturbs the client or any other client receiving treatments. Hygiene: all treatment room should be cleaned before and after client enter, the bed cover should be replaced with clean one, dirty towels should be placed into the wash with clean ones to replaced them, fresh bed roll placed on the floor and bed, sinks should be wiped down after every treatment, any oil spillages should be cleaned up with warm soapy water, bins emptied with fresh bin liners in, fresh clean dressing gowns in the room for client use, all side be wiped down with surgical spirit, all stone washed and dried after every treatment and stone heater cleaned after every treatment, therapists should wash hands before and after treatment, therapists should have excellent personal hygiene, sort nails free of nail polish, hair tided up, plain day make up, clean fresh uniform. Finishing Touches: to make yourself stand out you could place battery candles around the room, bath rose soap petals on the bed that the can take home  after the treatment, have an oil burner in the corner to have a relaxing and welcoming smell in the room, offer rose quartz water after treatment or herbal teas to complement the treatment. This will set you apart from other therapist as it is these things that clients remember about the treatment and what will bring them back in future and they will recommend you to friends and family 3. Describe how you would adapt a massage routine to suit the individual client’s physical characteristics to include each of the following: weight, muscle tone, age, health and skin condition. Every stone therapy massage is different as you would adapt the massage to suit the clients needs as everyone is an individual and have different problem areas needing more concentrating on or just having the massage to aid in relaxation, what ever the reason you would always be changing and adapting the massage in order to achieve the client outcome of the massage. There are many factors that could change the routine of the massage: Weight: weight of the client is a factor as this will determine the size of the stones, amount of oil needed and the area the therapist will be working on, you may find that people with endomorph body types maybe sensitive to heat and pressure but have good muscle tone as with someone with ectomorph body type maybe able to stand a lot of heat and deeper pressure. Muscle Tone: clients with good muscle tone will feel the heat off the stones in the muscle in which this will help eliminate any tension in the muscle fibres, younger clients tend to have better muscle tone than older clients as with age the elasticity in the skin and muscle tend to weaken in which when lying down you may not see a lot of muscle areas but more boney areas in which you have to be careful not to cause the client any discomfort as the massage is meant to be both relaxing and enjoyable. Age: age is a big factor in determining the pressure of the massage and the heat of the stones, younger client will have more elasticity and collagen in the skin which helps with the stone to stretch the skin and a smoother  gliding motion over the surface, they will be able to stand more heat on the skin and tend not to bruise from the pressure of the stones on the muscles, older clients have less elasticity and collagen in which during the massage the skin takes longer to go back during the massage in which the skin may bundle up and cause the client discomfort, the client may bruise a lot more easily and more quickly due to age and clients may be more sensitive to the heat from the rocks. Health: if the client is in good health they will and has a good diet stone therapy Skin Condition: 4. Describe in detail stone therapy massage techniques and how these may be adapted to suit your clients considering general body types, muscle tone and skin conditions. Body Types: Taking into consideration the clients body type, you may find they don’t have much muscle on their back if they have an ectomorph body, if they are mesomorph they will have defined muscles or if they are endomorph they may have a bigger frame but not a lot of muscle, client can fall into more than one of these categories, when starting the massage with effleurage you can manual and visually assess the client body type to get a good a idea of how much pressure you should apply during the massage although some clients with a small build may like a firm massage while others with a bigger build may not be able to handle the pressure. Muscle Tone: Effleurage: Effleurage is used for spreading the oil over the client’s body and warming the muscle and tissues, this technique is used to begin the end the massage. Begin with your hand and stroke with superficial effleurage along the area to be massaged first, this is a good movement to manual check the muscle  tone and skin condition of the client, while still doing effleurage pick up the stones and introduce the texture of the stone to the skin. Take care over bony areas and that you can do more transverse effleurage, down the body, working along the length of the muscle fibres. Stroking: A gliding stroke is often performed with the outer edge of the stone, which reduces the amount of pressure applied, and it is really useful for finishing the movement at a lymph node to aid drainage. Combing/ stripping: This is a deep, intense stroke using the stone on its edge, working the muscle along its entire length from its origin to its insertion. This helps pull the muscle fibres outward and removes tension, and is best performed when the stone has lost some of its heat, so use this after the first round of effleurage to create a deep release and stretch of soft tissue. Petrissage: Pressing and releasing of the tissue that you would achieve with the hands can be achieved with the stones either flat or for deep concentrated work using the edges. Though you do not have as much contact with the body as you do with manual massage and cannot judge the extra depth, which the stones give. These kneading movements can be very deep always be aware they can cause bruising, clients may think that pain is part of the treatment and that they must put up with it, there is a certain painful but relaxing feeling in having tension knots removed, it should not be continuously sore. The client should not feel tender afterwards, if they do this is a sign you are going too deeply into the tissue. Frictions: Frictions can be simulated with stones by using the edge of the stone, to give mild pressure for a soothing feeling or more concentrated pressure to stimulate the nerve endings. This will entirely depend upon the client, whether they just need tension released or deep tissue manipulation. Alternatively you may miss this movement out altogether if the client wants  to fall asleep. Piezoelectric effects or vibrations can be achieved with the stones very successfully. Vibrations can also be achieved by rhythmical tapping of two stones together creating sound – one stays in contact with skin while the other taps it at the top. This causes a transfer of energy to electrical vibration that should gently remind the client of the noise. This method is effective at removing tension knots. Stone placing: The stones are placed on or underneath the body, covered by a towel or sheet to prevent burning. Never place stones directly onto the vertebrae or placements before the massage, placement should be after the massage continuing the good relaxing work of the stones and keeps heat in the muscles. Holding: The heated stones can be held in the hands to keep the client warm during treatment or for any specific problems in any region. It is good to keep checking with the client that the stone isn’t to hot for them or burning their hands and keep referring back to the client to check that they are comfortable. 5. Research and explain two pre-blend aromatherapy oils used in stone therapy massage and the effects each blend will have on your stone therapy massage. Stimulating: is recommended for people who feel sluggish, tired and emotionally drained. The benefits and use of this pre-blend is used for strengthening the immune system, uplifting, relieves bloating and indigestion, helps with high blood pressure and asthma, ect. Essential oils: Lemon, Cedarwood, Juniper, Prunus, Citrus Peal, Peppermint and Juranium. Anti Stress: is recommended for people who feel stressed, used for stimulating the lymphatic system, helps reduces headaches, helps reduces cellulite, relieves aches and pains, helps reduce insomnia, respiratory problems, helps reduce panic attacks and anxiety, helps improve self esteem Essential oils: Sweet Orange, Sweet Almond, Lavender, Mandarin, Avocado, Weedjurm, Grapefruit, Petitgrain, Ylang Ylang and Margarin. The effects that the pre-blended oils have on the body when using with stone therapy massage, they will affect the body much quick and spreads though out the body much faster due to the heat stimulating the muscle fibres and blood circulation, the heat enhances the overall effect of the massage faster then manual massage as one movement with the stone massage is equal to ten movements with manual massage. Other benefits of pre-blended oils are: Dramatic improvement in general health and well being, increase in vitality, improvement in the colour and texture of the skin, positive effect on mood and thought, relieves stress, stimulates or soothes the nervous system, eliminates toxic waste from the skin and muscle system, stimulates blood and lymph supply, relieves muscular tension and warms the muscles. 6. Create a client information/after-care advice sheet, to explain the post-treatment restrictions, after-care advice and use of homecare products for stone therapy treatments. There are many physical and emotional benefits to regular stone massage. Stone massage will soothe away stress and tension, leaving you feeling peaceful, relaxed, revitalized and energized and it is becoming a very popular treatment, perfect for promoting a calm mind, balanced emotions, a stress-free body and for maintaining optimum holistic health. Stone massage feels wonderful and healing, it is relaxing and has a positive effect on the mind, emotions, nervous system, circulation and muscles. After your massage you will usually feel relaxed and be enjoying the benefits of the treatment, however to gain maximum benefit it’s a good idea to follow a few simple guidelines for at least 24 hours and preferably 48 hours after you receive your massage. Try to relax and avoid strenuous activity for the rest of the day Drink plenty of water and avoid alcohol, fizzy drinks and those containing caffeine Eat light meals and avoid heavy or spicy foods Avoid heat treatments (hot baths, saunas etc) Avoid smoking or cut down as much as possible Following your massage you may experience some of the following symptoms for up to 48 hours Aches, pains or mild flu like symptoms Stuffy, runny or blocked nose Heightened emotions Tiredness or fatigue Increased visits to the toilet Slight worsening of symptoms Irritable or weepy Increased thirst These symptoms are quite normal and are simply a sign that your body is going through a healing process so try to embrace them as something positive and know they won’t last long. Bibliography http://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/FEAndVocational/WorkBasedLearning/BeautyTherapy/Level3(NVQSVQ)DiplomainBeautyTherapy/Samples/Level3CandidateHandbooksamplematerial/Level3BeautyTherapyCandidateHandbookUnitB28.pdf